Abstract
Introduction. Chronic kidney disease is a common comorbidity in diabetes mellitus type 2 patients because of presence of numerous risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Material and methods. Our retrospective, observational study included 300 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Bihor County and had the purpose to establish a clinical profile and to determine the risk factors associated with this pathology. Results. The prevalence of CKD was 75.67%. Older age, worse glucose control, presence of diabetic polyneuropathy and diabetic retinopathy, higher weight, past history of cardiovascular events, the presence of metabolic syndrome and hyperuricemia were associated with the presence of CKD. Conclusion. The clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with CKD is significantly worse compared with the population without CKD.
Highlights
Chronic kidney disease is a common comorbidity in diabetes mellitus type 2 patients because of presence of numerous risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia
Metabolic syndrome represents a clinical association between obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia that significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and total mortality
It was been observed that the incidence of CKD and end-stage renal disease in recent years has paralleled the increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome has sparked a great interest in the role of metabolic syndrome as a novel risk factor for both cardiovascular disease and CKD [1]
Summary
Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of CKD because of the numerous negative effects of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance at the glomerular level such as increased oxidative stress, glycation of glomerular proteins, activation of pro-inflammatory pathways and osmotic stress [1]. Metabolic syndrome represents a clinical association between obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia that significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and total mortality. Hypertension specific for metabolic syndrome increases the intraglomerular pressure with apparition of albuminuria, enhanced sodium reabsorption as an effect of insulin resistance determines the activation or renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system because of lower levels of sodium at the level of macula densa with increased tonus of efferent arteriole and increase of glomerular filtration pressure, dyslipi-. Demia specific in metabolic syndrome promotes inflammation, oxidative stress with podocyte injury and pro-inflammatory cytokine promote the processes of glomerular fibrosis [3,4]
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