Observational study on ocular manifestations in type 2 diabetes patients attending the ophthalmology department, at RVM hospital, South India

Abstract

Introduction: India is infamously known as the Diabetes capital of the world. The national wide prevalence of diabetes in India now is 9%. By 2030, India will have 100 million people with type 2 Diabetes. Methodology: Cross sectional observational study, Study was conducted in ophthalmology department at RVM Hospital, Siddipet District, and Telangana State. The study was conducted in April 2018 to December 2019.The Sample Size is 300. Results: 188(63%) were males and 112(37%) are females. Among both sexes, age groups between 51 to 60 years had maximum number of patients (34%).33 patients had some lid lesions, out of which 12 had stye followed by 10 had Xanthelasma Conjunctival lesions found were pterygium 13(4.33%) and conjunctivitis 6(2%).6 patients had corneal ulceration (2%), 3 had reduced corneal sensation (1.0%) while 1 patient had perforation (0.33%). 11.5% people are affected by mild NPDR within 5 years, which increases significantly to 26.6% in 10 years. Conclusion: Thus both prevalence and severity of retinopathy correlates with HbA1C levels in this study group. The most common type of cataract found was cortical type (39.13%) followed by senile posterior cortical cataract (32.60%). In general, the visual prognosis following cataract surgery in diabetic patients is favourable. The prevalence of Primary open angle glaucoma was 2.33% and 2.0% had neo-vascular glaucoma. Diabetes predisposes to infection in different body parts, and ocular structures are not an exception.