Observation of Weed Species, Frequency and Density in Common Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Fields of Diyarbakir, Turkey: A Case Study

Fırat Pala

doi:10.15832/ankutbd.500963

Abstract

The weed species in the common barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) fields in the Diyarbakir were observed with this study. For this purpose, 50 quadrats of 1m by 1m (1 m-2) were randomly placed and examined at each study site. In every set of the quadrat, frequency and density were observed throughout the cropping season of 2015-2016. During the course of field study 72 weed species belonging to 21 families, 13 grasses, 59 broadleaves were recorded. The common families were Asteraceae and Poaceae in the common barley fields. The encounter frequency of weeds was determined by observing 80% wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L., 80%), animated oat (Avena sterilis L., 63%), common wild oat (Avena fatua L., 54%), corn buttercup (Ranunculus arvensis L., 54%), corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas L., 52%), creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., 51%), volunteer lentils (Lens culinaris Medik., 51%). Wild mustard, which had the highest frequency was also the densest weed species (5.18 plant m-2), and other species such as animated oat (4.33 plant m-2), creeping thistle (1.77 plant m-2), common wild oat (1.72 plant m-2), corn buttercup (1.47 plant m-2), cleavers (1.38 plant m-2), corn poppy (1.22 plant m-2), volunteer lentils (1.07 plant m-2) were important species at all the observed fields. It was observed that the great infestation was shown by broadleaf weeds due to the lack of effective weed control in the barley areas.

Highlights

The common barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an annual grass and long-day plant belonging to the Poaceae family and grown in the cool climate temperatures of spring and winter (Awika 2011; Koehler & Wieser 2013)
As a result of observations made in the common barley fields of the Diyarbakir, there were 72 weed species belonging to 21 families; including 13 monocotyledons, and 59 dicotyledons
A. fatua, A. sterilis, C. arvense, G. aparine, L. culinaris, P. rhoeas, P. bractystachys, R. arvensis, S. arvensis, T. latifolia were determined as highly spread in the common barley field

Summary

Introduction

The common barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an annual grass and long-day plant belonging to the Poaceae family and grown in the cool climate temperatures of spring and winter (Awika 2011; Koehler & Wieser 2013). It is a significant grain after common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) as global (IGC 2018). The selection of two-rowed or six-rowed barley varieties by farmers depends on the current environment, climate and diversity Both are used to make animal feeding, malting and food making (Coken & Akman 2016; AHDB 2018).

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