Abstract
We report high order multi-photon absorption in Ge23Sb7S70 chalcogenide glasses up to the 11th order. Open aperture z-scan measurements with enhanced detection capabilities are performed at short-wave to mid-infrared wavelengths between 1.1 μm and 5.5 μm, enabling very high order multi-photon absorption to be experimentally observed. We report the multi-photon absorption coefficients for Ge23Sb7S70 within the measurement range corresponding to 3–11 photon absorption. The dispersive Kerr nonlinear index of the chalcogenide glass in the short-wave to mid-infrared wavelength range is measured, resulting in a peak n2 value of 4.4 × 10−18 m2/W. Enhancements to the nonlinear refractive index from the presence of defect states are observed. We further report experimentally verified multi-photon absorption excitation of photoluminescence in Ge23Sb7S70 chalcogenide glasses. The results pave the way for previously unexplored, new paradigms of photonic device design leveraging very high order multi-photon absorption effects and multi-photon excited photoluminescence.
Highlights
Nonlinear optical processes are fundamental to a wide variety of applications including soliton formation for long haul data transmission, correlated photon pair generation for quantum communications and computing, and frequency combs enabling precision metrology and advanced light sources
The higher the order of multiphoton absorption (MPA) effects, the better the ability to utilize these effects in imaging applications: First, by virtue of higher order PA effects occurring at longer wavelengths, the potential for higher penetration depths and lower optical damage in non-destructive, in vivo imaging for biomedical applications is enhanced
We report the experimental measurement of MPA coefficients up to the eleventh order in Ge23Sb7S70 (GSS) chalcogenide glass (ChG), by far the highest order MPA experimentally recorded to date
Summary
Nonlinear optical processes are fundamental to a wide variety of applications including soliton formation for long haul data transmission, correlated photon pair generation for quantum communications and computing, and frequency combs enabling precision metrology and advanced light sources While these applications rely solely on the real part of the nonlinear susceptibility; at the same time, efficient performance requires an imaginary nonlinear susceptibility that is as small as possible. A plethora of applications may leverage the imaginary part of the nonlinear susceptibility These include photodetection,[1,2] pulse shaping through saturable absorption,[3,4] emerging 3D nanofabrication techniques,[5] optical pulse metrology,[6] and fluorescence spectroscopy.[7] Bio-imaging applications, in particular, are beneficiaries of high-order photon absorption (PA). The ability to quantify high order MPA coefficients is an important capability
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