Abstract
We previously reported an approach to ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block (USG-TPVB) that used a transverse image of the thoracic paravertebral space (TPVS) and in-plane needling.1 In this technique, we aimed to position a needle tip into the lateral edge of the TPVS between the internal intercostal membrane and the parietal pleura. Successful injection is confirmed by observing the parietal pleura being pressed down ventrally by a local anesthetic. However, the steric spread of the local anesthetic in the TPVS has been unclear.
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