Abstract
Nuclear resonance effects in mesonic atoms result from near degeneracy of nuclear excitation and atomic de-excitation energies. The $E2$ nuclear resonance effect was observed in pionic cadmium by comparing selected pionic x-ray intensity ratios from $^{112}\mathrm{Cd}$ with those from $^{111}\mathrm{Cd}$. The effect for hadronic atoms is now unambiguously established and the results are in close agreement with the theoretical predictions.
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