Observation of long-range, near-side angular correlations in proton-proton collisions at the LHC

V Khachatryan,V Cuplov,S R Wagner,R Carroll,J Swain,S A Koay,S Frosali,J Klem,I Belotelov,C Biino,P H Butler,S Troshin,J M Otalora Goicochea,T Karaman,S Semenov,R Horisberger,D Sillou,D R Claes,A Polatöz,W L Prado Da Silva,A Hinzmann,D Marlow,C Eskew,A Chatterjee,H Brun,M Maes,G Daskalakis,M Yang,E Focardi,T Virdee,K Klein,C Neu,M Jones,S Sala,K Sudhakar,P A Razis,G Apollinari,K Theofilatos,S Kailas,Z K Liu,N V Tran,A Deisher,M Weinberger,M Mannelli,K Henriksson,A Morelos Pineda,I K Furic,J Bunn,M Kirsanov,D Konstantinov,N Tyurin,R Wilkinson,K Lannon,D J Hofman,V J Smith,M Kaur,O Boeriu,F Cavallari,M Feindt,M Haguenauer,M Cerrada,A Khan,S D Worm,Y Tschudi,S Qazi,R Mankel,Y Liu,J Merz,C Ferro,D Creanza,F J M Geurts,S Dasu,L Perera,M Pesaresi,A Romero,K Harder,G Hanson,W D Teo,S Bolognesi,J Hanlon,D Barge,V Bhatnagar,M Grassi,B Pavlov,G Masetti,N Manthos,E Yildirim,Q Ingram,S Taroni,F Cossutti,C Albajar,T Kolberg,I.-A Melzer-Pellmann,D Kovalskyi,G Hu,B Blumenfeld,T Christiansen,H Rykaczewski,H Kluge,A Luthra,R Sacchi,L M Lebolo,N Mccoll,E Marinova,G Zumerle,C Grab,S Chang,C Mironov,C Botta,W To,D Giordano,A Raspereza,C Brew,P G Verdini,S C Eno,I Fisk,P Limon,C J Edelmaier,J Wagner-Kuhr,F Matorras,M B Tonjes,J G Acosta,L Benucci,O Bondu,M Saelim,I Mikulec,H Liu,A A Ocampo Rios,M Ignatenko,M Paganoni,N Darmenov,A Korpela,S Albergo,P Geffert,J Chung,P Meridiani,L Rebane,V Khotilovich,U Gebbert,M Szleper,A York,G R Snow,S Cihangir,J Thomsen,J Rander,P Van Hove,M Bontenackels,Y Kubota,M Zeise,A F Garfinkel,M Jeitler,P Faccioli,A Whitbeck,F De Guio,J Zang,P Sheldon,M A Mahmoud,X Wang,S Piperov,J Robles,J Draeger,F Beaudette,J Vaughan,W Funk,J Hammer,A S Yoon,A Bonato,V Oreshkin,M Ivova Rikova,Y Tu,J Härkönen,J Asaadi,S Dutta,R Carlin,W Martin,A Sznajder,G Bolla,P Lenzi,D Wright,J Temple,J Klukas,P Sphicas,J Harvey,J Zennamo,J Zablocki,P R Dudero,H J Simonis,M Kadastik,P Elmer,O Devroede,A Nardulli,S Ochesanu,A Savin,D Lange,G De Lentdecker,C Vander Velde,Y Eshaq,S Honc,P Vitulo,I Evangelou,N Bondar,I Redondo,J De Favereau De Jeneret,S Marcellini,C Liu,H Bakhshiansohi,J Freeman,J Duris,U Goerlach,M Bluj,G Grégoire,A David,L Litov,I Lazzizzera,O Atramentov,Y Kim,D Gigi,Y Roh,D Green,R Eusebi,S Dugad,F Nowak,F Hartmann,H Snoek,A Volodko,A Zuranski,K Nawrocki,O Militaru,C Milstène,A Pin,L Sala,C Markou,C Jarvis,M Makouski,V Smirnov,U Nauenberg,C Mavrommatis,V M Ghete,D Leslie,D Favart,J Fulcher,M Voutilainen,C Leonidopoulos,J Mnich,M Boutemeur,A Godshalk,S Shrestha,M Bachtis,D Futyan,C Lourenço,W Adam,S Nuzzo,P Bellan,D Trocino,K Kotov,N Parashar,B Gobbo,P Zotto,H Pi,H Weber,D Pellett,F Fabbri,A Hahn,N Adam,J Letts,A Panagiotou,A Knutsson,P Tan,J Lazo-Flores,P Bunin,C A Carrillo Montoya,P Baillon,G Nicolas Kaufman,A Beretvas,M Deliomeroglu,A Cimmino,A Uzunian,H Gamsizkan,G Cerminara,T Adams,A Everett,C Wissing,R Schmidt,R Cavanaugh,A Tapper,D Renker,B Fabbro,C Civinini,G Lungu,A Avetisyan,J Tuominiemi,S Esen,V Epshteyn,C Lundstedt,R M Harris,S Oliveros,E Karavakis,K M Ecklund,F Golf,S Cittolin,M Marone,L Orsini,R Ruchti,A Tumasyan,S Mrenna,L M Villasenor-Cendejas,P Bloch,A Geiser,P Kalavase,B A Barnett,A Lanev,S Schael,A Gribushin,I Katkov,J Frangenheim,R Fereos,S K Kataria,Y Güler,T Miceli,H Xiao,W Wu,M Paulini,V Radicci,P Lawson,M Özbek,D Stickland,J Berryhill,M Stoye,W Bender,A Vartak,R Patel,A Mott,I Puljak,B Clerbaux,T Pearson,D Dammann,Y Ma,E Gurpinar,N Beliy,H Silverwood,M De Palma,L Moroni,S Ahuja,D P Eartly,J Yelton,G Kasieczka,I Azhgirey,Y Mikami,D Klingebiel,G Dissertori,N Terentyev,R Remington,T Frueboes,S De Visscher,M Bergholz,B C Shen,V Mossolov,K Piotrzkowski,J Varela,V Perelygin,A Holzner,H K Wöhri,A K Mohanty,A Nowack,A Colaleo,J Dolen,M Cepeda,D Stuart,T Dahms,D Daeuwel,D Lelas,D Lanske,W H Smith,V Miccio,M Weber,V Patras,P Torre,E Yazgan,M Grothe,S B Beri,S Ganjour,J Gilmore,D Sabes,J Seixas,A Montanari,S Shin,J Velkovska,V Adler,V Genchev,J Hauser,G Cirino,C Newman-Holmes,A Sparrow,G Quast,R Vasquez Sierra,J Keller,V Kaftanov,S Wimpenny,A Mohapatra,F Fedele,V Karimäki,J.-L Agram,P Kyberd,K W Bell,A Sill,D H Miller,A Rose,C Tully,G Merino,A De Roeck,B R Drell,K Banzuzi,A K Srivastava,M Ahmad,B Caponeri,F Stöckli,L Mundim,P Raics,H Nogima,J Thom,D Martisiute,E Tuominen,A Taurok,N Wickramage,V Litvine,J Lykken,M Cuffiani,M Wang,G Wrochna,A Givernaud,D Berry,I Smirnov,L Gouskos,U Berzano,S Bitioukov,M Heinrich,M Marienfeld,C Jorda,N Redaelli,Z J Guo,A Pompili,A Giassi,U Akgun,M Pernicka,S Maruyama,M J Ryan,G Debreczeni,S C Kao,K Sumorok,G Rakness,J Lee,K Burkett,A Saha,R Wigmans,P Verdier,A Palma,G Bauer,K Potamianos,J Y Kim,S Buontempo,I Dremin,Z Wan,F Lacroix,J L Rodriguez,J Wang,I Bloch,K Deiters,F Moortgat,E Olaiya,C H Jiang,R Stringer,A K Sanchez,P E Karchin,N Schul,D C Son,V Chiochia,M Serin,J S Werner,S Gennai,C Prescott,V Innocente,R Clare,S Sarkar,M Diemoz,D Del Re,S Ward,B Dahmes,X Janssen,J Zabel,F Ratnikov,F A Dias,G Majumder,K Hatakeyama,V Stolin,S König,A Graziano,L Fiore,U Heintz,L Gray,J Haupt,C Bardak,A Sobol,L Benussi,L Barbone,W Bertl,P Silva,E B Ziebarth,M Schröder,J Warchol,M Dyulendarova,R Wallny,J Ellison,F Giordano,W Clarida,S Chauhan,P Harris,T Rodrigo,K S Lee,E Conti,S Gollapinni,A J Bell,M Jindal,E A De Wolf,M U Mozer,S Bose,C Mariotti,V Kozhuharov,L Millischer,H Van Haevermaet,N Demaria,P Levchenko,F Santanastasio,T Tabarelli De Fatis,D Dobur,Z Hatherell,P Busson,M Davids,T Kelly,J A Coughlan,K Nirunpong,I Chakaberia,M A Borgia,Z Hu,M Johnson,C Dozen,P Martins,R A Ofierzynski,J.-C Fontaine,C Seez,R Beuselinck,W Andrews,M Guchait,P Cole,A Lopez Virto,S Erhan,W Busza,M Hansen,L Spiegel,A Sabellek,I Svintradze,M Malberti,J Sammet,G M Bilei,A Yagil,P Janot,V Maroussov,P G Ferreira Parracho,J Muelmenstaedt,R Doesburg,S Tourneur,D Gelé,E Locci,H Seo,J E Ramirez Vargas,M Rovere,H S Chen,S Khalatyan,D Mason,T Lindén,J N Butler,R D Field,M Hashemi,G Ryu,J Hays,S Folgueras,S Ozturk,J Han,C Maguire,D Mercier,R Bainbridge,J Pivarski,N Heracleous,R.-S Lu,J G Smith,A Bhatti,R Hadjiiska,M Maity,G Steinbrück,H Mermerkaya,R Castaldi,S Bobrovskyi,H B Newman,V Sharma,B Klima,J Cuevas,J Puerta Pelayo,T Rommerskirchen,S Stoynev,F Bostock,A Cabrera,D Noonan,S V Gleyzer,M Edelhoff,G Codispoti,B Mangano,R Frühwirth,F Palmonari,W Hopkins,A Kalinowski,G Organtini,M Zanetti,D Volyanskyy,L K Gibbons,J Gartner,P Lecoq,E M Da Costa,E Seo,B Wittmer,E Luiggi Lopez,S Liang,H Kim,R Khatiwada,I Kravchenko,P Bartalini,A Toropin,M Friedl,A Belyaev,C Florez,S A Schmitz,T Medvedeva,M Herndon,E Casimiro Linares,L Agostino,O Pooth,M Felcini,M C Sawley,S P Singh,L Lista,J Rennefeld,M Valdata,G Ball,R Arcidiacono,V Krutelyov,J Ziegler,Zero Kim,T Y Ling,M Galanti,T Aziz,L Raposo,F Fassi,S Colafranceschi,V Grishin,D Krücker,S Costantini,D Benedetti,E James,P Tropea,A Mussgiller,A Anastassov,P Petkov,M H Zoeller,A Marinov,A Pashenkov,J H Wu,S Bhattacharya,L Lusito,A Fahim,P Sharp,T Le Grand,C Saout,A Petrilli,C Charlot,G Roselli,E Torassa,D Puigh,P Checchia,C Campagnari,D Colling,A Dierlamm,K A Ulmer,P Merkel,D Pagano,A Korytov,E Aguiló,S Rahatlou,A Parenti,M I Asghar,J Jackson,P Papacz,G Iaselli,S G Heo,D J A Cockerill,G P Heath,A Castro,D Spiga,R K Choudhury,C Justus,I Glushkov,P Gras,M Górski,M Jo,W Erdmann,A Vorobyev,G Landsberg,D Franci,S Lowette,A H Ball,R Hall-Wilton,P Giubilato,F Ferri,N Marinelli,J Liu,J Rohlf,K Mishra,L Tauscher,R Gokieli,G Iles,A Gurrola,S Paktinat Mehdiabadi,C.-E Wulz,Y Pakhotin,P De Barbaro,J Santaolalla,B Hegner,M Pierini,W Van Doninck,W Luo,S Belforte,A Dimitrov,J Morales,J L Faure,M Vazquez Acosta,P Piroué,A Drozdetskiy,Y Yang,M Hoch,I Ahmed,C Broutin,J H Kim,J Richman,L Levchuk,N Varelas,D Soares,M Dubinin,V Dutta,N Bacchetta,C Regenfus,R Salerno,M Fisher,I A Cali,H Kalakhety,Z Zhang,D Silvers,C Zorbilmez,C Palmer,T Bolton,N Pozzobon,H Saka,S Bilmis,I Vodopiyanov,R Granier De Cassagnac,D Ryckbosch,F Duru,G Davies,M Grimes,T Sabonis,H Enderle,N Colino,F Meier,J Butt,L Demortier,S Blyweert,J Goldstein,D Nguyen,C De Oliveira Martins,E Conte,R Sever,Y Bai,D H Kim,B Kim,B Kilminster,N Cartiglia,M Stein,H Park,T Ma,I M Anghel,A Sharma,S Paoletti,S Sumowidagdo,P R Hobson,H C Kaestli,S Banerjee,L Malgeri,R Ranieri,R Gonzalez Suarez,U Joshi,S Nahn,F Liu,P Capiluppi,M N Bakirci,W T Chen,C Hartl,D Reeder,I V Akin,Y Mao,T Speer,O Gutsche,J Thompson,A Kraan,I C Park,G Roland,M Cardaci,V Gaultney,P Mane,J H Liu,M Meschini,E A Albayrak,K Kaschube,A Skuja,R Rahmat,A Messineo,A Macpherson,A Nart,R Gomez-Reino Garrido,D Bourilkov,M Renz,W Lustermann,S Petrushanko,M Khakzad,H Geenen,D Piccolo,J E Cole,A Nikitenko,A Zabi,G Della Ricca,S Naumann-Emme,H Sakulin,E Cano,H Held,C Grandi,T Caebergs,S Tkaczyk,H Gerwig,S Sekmen,J Kolb,B De La Cruz,M D’Alfonso,N Hörmann,P Govoni,M Kossov,E Daubie,R Cousins,S Fonseca De Souza,M W Arenton,E Kuznetsova,E Butz,M Duda,L K Saini,C Lazaridis,P Kokkas,L M Pant,F Pandolfi,R Gray,Y Choi,J Hollar,S Sharma,N K Mondal,J Eugster,R Erbacher,F Yumiceva,I Vorobiev,P Noli,R Lipton,N Cripps,H Jensen,E M Gregores,A V Gritsan,H B Rhee,E Migliore,S My,D Gerbaudo,J Bendavid,M Petterson,P Gupta,C Willmott,W J Spalding,R Marco,A Poll,Y Yilmaz,A T Serban,G Selvaggi,D Dutta,V Zhukova,S Linn,K Y Kao,S Beauceron,M Chadwick,W Lange,H Topakli,L Silvestris,L Di Matteo,S Park,C Marchica,Y Sirois,L Guiducci,P Kreuzer,P Lecomte,J P Chou,A Mohammadi,D Lazic,I D Reid,I Diaz Merino,D Orbaker,J Maes,M H Liu,C Mesropian,M Buehler,E Halkiadakis,F Ambroglini,M Giunta,D Menasce,J Incandela,K Arisaka,N Valls,A Perrotta,D Krpic,C Fabjan,M Klute,L Foà,L Perchalla,D Majumder,A C Benvenuti,E W Vaandering,P Luukka,G Petrillo,R D’Alessandro,I J Cabrillo,A Santoro,E Tuovinen,J Olsen,G Hamel De Monchenault,Y Gershtein,A Meyer,B Ille,B Heyburn,M Thomas,J Bochenek,M Selvaggi,A Ferapontov,H Breuker,R Lander,P Baesso,P Lobelle Pardo,G Flucke,S Kesisoglou,B Bilki,J Babb,O Prokofyev,T Punz,J P Cumalat,N Neumeister,J M Kohli,R Chierici,D Hidas,L Martini,T Hreus,D J Karmgard,V Dero,P Schieferdecker,H Prosper,J S Wood,S S Yu,K Klapoetke,G Bencze,R Sharma,C Baty,H F Heath,M Chan,C Silvestre,D Contardo,G Barbagli,M Ruspa,Z Gecse,A Hervé,R Travaglini,M Segala,S Gninenko,F Gasparini,A Svyatkovskiy,J Nash,J Descamps,S Vanini,E Longo,G Franzoni,R M Brown,A Nayak,T Lomtadze,D C Miner,J R Patterson,D Boumediene,J Damgov,C K Lae,G Brona,L Romero,D J Kong,A M Rossi,A Besson,J Mans,D Treille,M Swartz,K Lelas,F L Navarria,I Shreyber,M Pieri,A Volkov,C Magass,M Tytgat,K Kaadze,J Steggemann,J G Branson,S Ragazzi,K Maeshima,K Borras,P Azzurri,T Kypreos,G S F Stephans,K Gunthoti,K Kovitanggoon,V Gavrilov,T Dorigo,F Odorici,L Masetti,A Jaeger,W Kiesenhofer,U Gasparini,A Zhokin,L Kreczko,T Schum,F Marinho,L Kramer,T Khurshid,N Pastrone,P T Cox,R Hirosky,A Kalogeropoulos,A Kubik,G Segneri,M I Josa,B Klein,L Ceard,R Volpe,C Kleinwort,G A Pierro,J.-P Merlo,T Rovelli,G Y Jeng,H Arfaei,B Camanzi,S Carrillo Moreno,K Rossato,P Markowitz,J C Sanabria,U Dosselli,N Krasnikov,J Smith,M Mazzucato,E Meschi,G P Di Giovanni,M Azarkin,G Sultanov,A Smoron,M De Gruttola,L Mirabito,D Bortoletto,M Kazana,K V Tsang,A Satpathy,M Meneghelli,J A Bakken,K Stenson,J B Singh,R Kelley,R Breedon,D Demir,C N Nguyen,C Diez Pardos,C Boulahouache,D M Raymond,A Elliott-Peisert,D Krofcheck,S W Li,M Ata,M Lebourgeois,Y Maravin,J Sturdy,M Mooney,E Castro,M C Fouz,L Wendland,L Scodellaro,U Behrens,T R Fernandez Perez Tomei,S L Zang,T Camporesi,A Lucaroni,V Azzolini,P Arce,S I Cooper,S Won,O Koybasi,M Niegel,G Anagnostou,M Murray,C Autermann,V Petrov,E Norbeck,S Slabospitsky,J Gu,C Dragoiu,D Rousseau,Z Chen,M M Obertino,M Lethuillier,S Lehti,P Demin,J Nachtman,J C Yun,M Zeinali,B Curé,T Rohe,J G Shiu,J Olson,A Calamba,S Obraztsov,V Oguri,V Kim,A Raval,B Cox,W Ko,R Ralich,J Jones,C Amsler,P Ronchese,W D Zeuner,M Tosi,G M Chen,W.-S Hou,A Snigirev,A M Sirunyan,F Simonetto,K S Grogg,J Suarez Gonzalez,Y Hsiung,A Khukhunaishvili,M Dittmar,C Hof,T Whyntie,S Boutle,P Petrov,T Kuhr,B Gomez Moreno,P Suggisetti,A De Benedetti,S Malvezzi,K Freudenreich,P Juillot,C Rovelli,F Drouhin,Y S Chung,E Twedt,S Abdullin,A Kapusi,M Pimiä,J R Vlimant,N Shumeiko,A Kayis Topaksu,P Vanlaer,S Walsh,E Gülmez,M Deniz,L Uplegger,T Peiffer,R Y Zhu,K F Chen,R Godang,Y Assran,P Robmann,M Zakaria,C Sander,A Baden,S Hagopian,D Cline,P Zalewski,R Kinnunen,V Chetluru,V Krychkine,L Uvarov,M Vergili,A Santocchia,D Bodin,B Francis,E Gallo,M E Pol,L Caminada,A Safonov,L Vanelderen,H Nguyen,G I Veres,Y J Lu,P Rumerio,S Rappoccio,A T Laasanen,S Braibant-Giacomelli,V O’Dell,S Troitsky,H Vogel,G Gökbulut,S Panwalkar,S Kuleshov,S Lacaprara,M Sani,M J Bilinskas,G Önengüt,M J Kortelainen,J W Gary,A Askew,A Aranyi,T Chwalek,G Williams,G Pugliese,S Vavilov,P Martinez Ruiz Del Arbol,M B Neuland,P Siegrist,Y Ban,S Goy Lopez,P Moisenz,V Ciulli,B Alver,A Staiano,M Searle,K Sung,S Tosi,J Erö,R Covarelli,F Torres Da Silva De Araujo,S Gascon,L Quertenmont,P Sauerland,L Wehrli,D Cebra,R Wilken,A Bodek,D Fehling,R Schöfbeck,L N Vergili,A Biselli,R Ryutin,L Lyons,G Cerizza,T Kress,S M Etesami,P Depasse,U E Surat,N Van Remortel,V E Bazterra,F M Stober,V Karjavin,P Vichoudis,A Melo,S Harper,A Kropivnitskaya,F Raupach,A Tatarinov,R Rossin,R Redjimi,G Tonelli,F Fanzago,D Liang,I Yu,A Zarubin,K Mazumdar,S Ovyn,F Meijers,W Haj Ahmad,J Strauss,B Pollack,F Thyssen,J Chen,E Nesvold,R Harr,K Doroba,I Lokhtin,J Mousa,E Appelt,B Huckvale,T Ferguson,A Ghezzi,L S Durkin,P Jarry,A Martelli,P Musella,A Hunt,D Evans,M Velasco,E Vlasov,M Rodozov,X T Huang,J Hegeman,S Lynch,C Schäfer,L Sonnenschein,S Padhi,J Tomaszewska,S Greder,J Gronberg,P Giacomelli,N Odell,O Charaf,M Biasini,A Campbell,A Perieanu,J Zhang,S Stoykova,A Linn,R Dell’Orso,G Rolandi,L Servoli,G Karapostoli,M Gataullin,V Hagopian,F J Ronga,A Thea,S Wakefield,J Hauk,C Favaro,Yu Andreev,F Fiori,A Starodumov,F Ptochos,P Van Mechelen,I Segoni,G Flügge,S Thomas,A.-M Magnan,H Jung,I Papadopoulos,A Pfeiffer,F X Gentit,M Margoni,M Erdmann,E Mccliment,L Perrozzi,S Shmatov,G Mantovani,M Chertok,A Pozdnyakov,E De La Cruz Burelo,A Bornheim,T Mäki,F Romano,F A Triantis,J Alcaraz Maestre,J M Vizan Garcia,J E Kim,S V Rusakov,S Sen,N Pietsch,N J Hadley,T Boccali,G N Kim,M Wayne,M R Adams,P C Bhat,M Musich,M Tripathi,M Krammer,M Mohammadi Najafabadi,E Shabalina,W Waltenberger,M Chasco,A Rizzi,P D Luckey,S Klimenko,A M Guler,M Mulders,E Dusinberre,S Mueller,M Rodenburg,G Mila,L Sulak,S Mersi,Z Demir,A Moeller,A Gurtu,M Gouzevitch,K Rabbertz,A Schmidt,S Kunori,C Henderson,W Lin,S Malik,J Caudron,T Yetkin,J Ballin,A De Cosa,B Scurlock,P Paolucci,L Antonelli,A Oulianov,Z Wang,D Wood,S Reucroft,S Hänsel,F Rebassoo,Y Gotra,J Fay,N Leonardo,K Bloom,J Schwandt,J Russ,R Musenich,W Lohmann,P Nef,X Shi,A Massironi,R Trayanov,D Piparo,J Flix,V Sola,Y Zheng,P Allfrey,S Kang,E Brownson,B Diamond,B Betchart,M Barrett,M Hohlmann,D W Jang,L Dudko,M Choi,R Vidal,C Hackstein,M Kasemann,E E Kangal,A Soha,S Simon,J D’Hondt,S Sanders,R Rusack,M Weinberg,H El Mamouni,A Lanaro,A 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doi:10.1007/jhep09(2010)091

Abstract

Results on two-particle angular correlations for charged particles emitted in proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energies of 0.9, 2.36, and 7 TeV are presented, using data collected with the CMS detector over a broad range of pseudorapidity (eta) and azimuthal angle (phi). Short-range correlations in Delta(eta), which are studied in minimum bias events, are characterized using a simple "independent cluster" parametrization in order to quantify their strength (cluster size) and their extent in eta (cluster decay width). Long-range azimuthal correlations are studied differentially as a function of charged particle multiplicity and particle transverse momentum using a 980 inverse nb data set at 7 TeV. In high multiplicity events, a pronounced structure emerges in the two-dimensional correlation function for particle pairs with intermediate transverse momentum of 1-3 GeV/c, 2.0< |Delta(eta)| <4.8 and Delta(phi) near 0. This is the first observation of such a long-range, near-side feature in two-particle correlation functions in pp or p p-bar collisions.

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