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Abstract
We report the experimental observation of more than four Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou recurrences in an optical fiber thanks to an ultra-low loss optical fiber and to an active loss compensation system. We observe both regular (in-phase) and symmetry-broken (phase-shifted) recurrences, triggered by the input phase. Experimental results are confirmed by numerical simulations.
Highlights
The Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou (FPUT) recurrence process describes the ability of a strongly multimodal nonlinear system to come back to its initial state after the redistribution of modal energies, as discovered by Fermi and co-workers in the 50s by numerically modelling nonlinear chains of oscillators [1]
Parametric conversion and in particular seeded modulational instability (MI) in focusing cubic media offers the possibility to investigate experimentally FPUT recurrence, as demonstrated in hydrodynamics [2] and optics, both in fibers [3,4,5,6,7] and in the spatial domain in bulk crystals [8]. In this case the hallmark of FPUT recurrence is the return of Fourier modes to their input amplitude and relative phase after the growth into a triangular frequency comb
It is expected to be relatively fast when driven by MI in the presence of noise, as ruled by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation [13]
Summary
The Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou (FPUT) recurrence process describes the ability of a strongly multimodal nonlinear system to come back to its initial state after the (potentially complex) redistribution of modal energies, as discovered by Fermi and co-workers in the 50s by numerically modelling nonlinear chains of oscillators [1]. Parametric conversion and in particular seeded modulational instability (MI) in focusing cubic media offers the possibility to investigate experimentally FPUT recurrence, as demonstrated in hydrodynamics [2] and optics, both in fibers [3,4,5,6,7] and in the spatial domain in bulk crystals [8] In this case the hallmark of FPUT recurrence is the return of Fourier modes to their input amplitude and relative phase after the growth into a triangular frequency comb (this is distinct from other mechanisms of recurrence due to multi-soliton fission, characteristic for example of regimes described by the weakly dispersing Korteweg-de Vries model [9,10,11]). An essential prerequisite for such studies becomes the ability to extend the detection to the regime of several recurrences beyond the current limit of two or three recurrences, as reported recently in fibers [5,6,7] or bulk [8], respectively
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