Observation of chemical speciation on L X-ray emission spectra for gadolinium (III) materials

Abstract

The proposed effort comprehends an extensive learning of the Ll, Lα2 and Lα1ƞ X-ray emission lines of selected gadolinium materials, viz., Gd pure, GdCl3, GdF3, Gd2O3 and Gd2S3O12 by utilizing the encroachment in test-bed based wavelength-dispersive spectrometer. The examination of the energy shifts on the L shell peaks of elected Gd targets has been summarized in the current assessment which involves the proper understanding of the physical fundamental parameters and ligands effects. According to our investigation, no experimental and theoretical data associated to the Ll, Lα2 and Lα1ƞ shell lines for Gd targets was conveyed previously. The obtained measured data reveals that the L shell lines emitted from different Gd targets exhibits the energy shifts of ~ (0.78–5.93) eV comparative to the Gd pure. Furthermore, the good agreement between the measured and theoretical data of radiative transition probabilities for L3M transitions and intensity ratio (I)Ll/Lαη values signifies the prospect of wide utilization of wavelength-dispersive spectrometer for other lanthanide materials. The promising correlation between the bond length, effective charge, intensity ratio and energy shifts for Gd L shell lines in Gd targets are also studied in the current article.