Abstract
We report on the observation and coherent excitation of atoms on the narrow inner-shell orbital transition, connecting the erbium ground state $[\mathrm{Xe}] 4f^{12} (^3\text{H}_6)6s^{2}$ to the excited state $[\mathrm{Xe}] 4f^{11}(^4\text{I}_{15/2})^05d (^5\text{D}_{3/2}) 6s^{2} (15/2,3/2)^0_7$. This transition corresponds to a wavelength of 1299 nm and is optically closed. We perform high-resolution spectroscopy to extract the $g_J$-factor of the $1299$-nm state and to determine the frequency shift for four bosonic isotopes. We further demonstrate coherent control of the atomic state and extract a lifetime of 178(19) ms which corresponds to a linewidth of 0.9(1) Hz. The experimental findings are in good agreement with our semi-empirical model. In addition, we present theoretical calculations of the atomic polarizability, revealing several different magic-wavelength conditions. Finally, we make use of the vectorial polarizability and confirm a possible magic wavelength at 532 nm.
Highlights
Ultranarrow atomic transitions are an extremely powerful resource for high-precision measurements and for controlling and manipulating atoms on a quantum level [1]
We report on the observation and coherent excitation of atoms on the narrow inner-shell orbital transition, connecting the erbium ground state [Xe]4 f 12(3H6 )6s2 to the excited state [Xe]4 f 11((4I15/2 )0 )5d (5D3/2 )6s2(15/2, 3/2)07
We further demonstrate coherent control of the atomic state and extract a lifetime of 178(19) ms, which corresponds to a linewidth of 0.9(1) Hz
Summary
Ultranarrow atomic transitions are an extremely powerful resource for high-precision measurements and for controlling and manipulating atoms on a quantum level [1]. Atomic species of the lanthanide family are multivalence electron atoms and possess a special electron configuration, a so-called submerged shell, in which the 6s subshell is filled, while the lower-lying 4 f or 5d subshells are open, being partially unoccupied This leads to a large variety of optical transitions in these elements, whose linewidths range from tens of μHz to tens of MHz [23,24,25]. We experimentally observe the transition at 1299 nm for the bosonic isotopes 164Er, 166Er, 168Er, and 170Er and for the fermionic isotope 167Er. We perform high-resolution spectroscopy to determine the gJ factor of the excited atomic state (|e ) and to measure the frequency shift for the four bosonic isotopes. We use the frequency stabilized configuration for the high-resolution spectroscopy
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