Abstract
Narrow-line Seyfert 1s (NLS1s) observed at large inclinations from face-on are important for understanding this amazing AGN subclass. However, progress is slowly being made in the huntings and studies of highly obscured (EB–V ≥ 1) NLS1s. Recently, we discovered that multi-wavelength photometric and polarimetric analysis can be of great help in identifying and studying highly obscured NLS1s. This paper presents an intercomparison study of three typical highly obscured NLS1s. By joint analysis of extinction, absorption lines, and scattered AGN radiation, properties of the nucleus (disk and broad emission line regions) are measured. Physical and geometrical conditions about circum-nucleus obscuring/scattering clouds are also estimated. In addition, the host galaxies which are usually difficult to observe in such high luminosity NLS1s are also revealed in these targets. The results show that obscuration and scattering can be powerful probes to obscured NLS1s. Analogues of these obscured NLS1s are found to widely exist. In addition, they will be followed up in our future works, so as to understand the nuclei, circum-nucleus clouds, and host galaxies of NLS1s.
Highlights
In the early studies of emission line galaxies, it was established that there are three types of Seyfert galaxies: type 1s with broad permitted lines, type 2s with permitted lines of widths similar to that of narrow forbidden lines [1], and an intermediate class with line properties in between the two [2].Later on, these different types of AGNs were proposed to have similar structures but observed at different inclinations, knowns as the AGN unification scheme [3]
After inspecting the UV-optical-IR SED of previously identified narrow-line Seyfert 1s (NLS1s), including well studied cases and objects identified in large spectral surveys (e.g., 12th data release of the sloan digital sky survey, or SDSS DR12 [13]), we find strong IR flux excess in several targets as compared to type 1
In 2 reddened quasars (NGC 5506 [10] and Mrk 573 [11]), NIR spectroscopy revealed that the FW HM of Paβ broad emission lines (BELs) are less than 2000 km s−1, making them candidates of obscured NLS1s
Summary
In the early studies of emission line galaxies, it was established that there are three types of Seyfert galaxies: type 1s with broad permitted lines, type 2s with permitted lines of widths similar to that of narrow forbidden lines [1], and an intermediate class with line properties in between the two [2] Later on, these different types of AGNs were proposed to have similar structures but observed at different inclinations, knowns as the AGN unification scheme [3]. (a combined spectrum of type 1 AGNs from UV-optical [15] to the IR [16,17]) redenned at an EB−V of 0.5 Detailed analysis of these targets reveal similar but different stories in these violent AGNs. Here in this paper, we present an intercomparison study that introduces such an interesting AGN subclass and discuss the implications. Throughout the paper, all uncertainties are at 1-σ level if not stated
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