Obligations and Liability of Sponsoring States Concerning Activities in the Area: Reflections on the ITLOS Advisory Opinion of 1 February 2011

Abstract

On 1 February 2011, the Seabed Disputes Chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea handed down its frst advisory opinion, namely, Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring Persons and Entities with Respect to Activities in the Area which concerns the responsibility and obligations of sponsoring states with regard to activities in the Area, i. e., the seabed and ocean foor and the subsoil thereof, beyond the limits of national jurisdiction. Signifcantly this advisory opinion clarifed the obligations of sponsoring states concerning activities in the Area. It will also provide important insights into, inter alia, the inter-relationship between the obligation of due diligence and the precautionary approach, the preferential treatment of developing states, the liability of sponsoring states and obligations erga omnes concerning activities in the Area. Thus the ITLOS advisory opinion is thought to make an important contribution to the development of the deep seabed regime. Focusing on these issues, this contribution will seek to examine the signifcance of and questions concerning the advisory opinion of 2011.