Abstract
The article studies history of Russian machine-tool building, analyzes the current situation in this industry and shows prospects of its development. It provides intermediary results of import-substitution policy. We can say that dependence on import has declined, but it is still high. Industry products have low competitiveness both on foreign and home market. The authors show key problems of Russian machine-tool building industry: shortage of new, advanced equipment; deficit of investment resources; high import dependence; serious fragmentation. They identify factors influencing the establishment of modern material production, in particular fast spreading of new technologies, effective and continuous increase in knowledge-intensity of material production, etc. The authors pay attention to the fact that in global machine-tool building two revolutions took place during the last 20–30 years, they are technical and institutional. As a result of the 1st revolution the nature of machines, technology of their production and use changed; as a result of the 2nd one – the way of market organization of machine-tool building products. Russian machine-tool building industry had to catch up with other participants of the market. The authors formulated recommendations aimed at upgrading the procedure of developing machine-tool building clusters. Theypropose to set up a system of integrators that will be able to consolidate market suggestions of Russian machine-tool builders and supply to customers finished production sections and lines.
Highlights
The authors show key problems of Russian machine-tool building industry: shortage of new, advanced equipment; deficit of investment resources; high import dependence; serious fragmentation. They identify factors influencing the establishment of modern material production, in particular fast spreading of new technologies, effective and continuous increase in knowledge-intensity of material production, etc
В. Плеханова», 117997, Москва, Стремянный пер., д
Summary
В статье рассматривается история российского станкостроения, анализируется текущее положение отрасли и показаны перспективы ее развития. Что зависимость от импорта уменьшилась, но остается весьма значительной. Продукция отрасли имеет низкую конкурентоспособность как на внешнем, так и на внутреннем рынке. Авторами выявлены основные проблемы российского станкостроения: недостаток нового, современного оборудования; дефицит инвестиционных ресурсов; большая импортозависимость; сильная фрагментированность. Определены факторы, которые влияют на становление современного материального производства, в частности, быстрое распространение новых технологий, эффективное и непрерывное повышение знаниеемкости материального производства и т. Д. Авторы обращают внимание на то, что в мировом станкостроении в последние двадцать – тридцать лет произошли две революции: техническая и институциональная. В результате первой революции изменились характер самих станков, технология их производства и применения; в результате второй – способ организации рынка станкоинструментальной продукции. Ключевые слова: станкостроение, промышленное производство, станки, импортозамещение, модернизация
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