Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine whether objectively measured daily physical activity and posture of sitting, standing, and sit-to-stand transitions are associated with daily assessments of affect. Participants (N = 51, 49% female) wore ActivPal accelerometers for 24 h/d for seven consecutive days. Time spent sitting, standing, and being physically active and sit-to-stand transitions were derived for each day. Participants also completed a mood inventory each evening. Multilevel models examined within- and between-person associations of daily physical activity with positive and negative affect, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, education, and sleep duration. Within-person associations showed that a 1-hour increase in daily physical activity was associated with a decrease in negative affect over the same day (B = -0.11, 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.21 to -0.01). Between-person associations indicated a borderline significant association between higher average daily physical activity levels and higher positive affect (B = 1.85, 95% CI = -0.25 to 3.94). There were no between- or within-person associations between sitting, standing, and sit-to-stand transitions with affect. Promoting physical activity may be a potential intervention strategy to acutely suppress negative affective states.
Highlights
Physical activity has been associated with numerous psychological health benefits, such as a reduced risk of depression and anxiety in adults [1,2,3,4]
The use of self-reported measures of physical activity and sedentary behavior may provide useful insights on specific contexts of behavior that are more strongly associated with affective states but compared with objective measures may be less accurate for quantifying total time spent active or sedentary
To explore the within- and between-person effects, subject-specific means and mean-centered values were included as covariates in the models [29,30]. This allowed us to address in the same model (a) whether participants with more/less daily physical activity on average experience more/less positive or negative affect and (b) whether fluctuations in daily physical activity are associated with individual-level changes in affect on the same day
Summary
Physical activity has been associated with numerous psychological health benefits, such as a reduced risk of depression and anxiety in adults [1,2,3,4]. The use of self-reported measures of physical activity and sedentary behavior may provide useful insights on specific contexts of behavior that are more strongly associated with affective states but compared with objective measures may be less accurate for quantifying total time spent active or sedentary. Strengths of more recent studies include the use of objectively measured physical activity, which provide a more accurate estimate of activity levels [11,12,13,14,15,16]. These studies typically use accelerometers that are unable to differentiate between sitting
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