Abstract
The objective of the study was to classify the existing methods of the TV news content selection, and to assess the advantages and shortcomings of each approach. To achieve this goal, the following tasks have been performed: 1) considering the existing approaches to the selection of the TV news content, applied in the media effects studies; 2) summarizing and classifying the approaches used for the selection of the TV news stories for experiments in the media effects studies; 3) analysing the advantages and disadvantages of each technique of the experimental selection of the TV news content. The research was conducted through the use of scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, transition from the abstract to the concrete, and document review. Several criteria were applied to the selection of the studies to be included in the review of methods of the TV news materials selection: 1) only those experimental articles and thesis were selected, in which the TV news was the independent variable, and the reaction of surveyed people was the dependent variable; 2) the articles and theses should include a clear description of the methods of the TV news selection. Results and Conclusions. The TV news content was examined as a basic material for experiments in social communications. Based on the academic publications of the American and European scientists, we elaborated the classification of methods for the media content selection in the media effects studies. Different approaches to the selection of news material were proposed. According to the proposed classification, all methods of the media content selection were divided into the primary methods (pool method) and secondary methods (Self-Assessment Mannequin test; semantic differential method; R. Likert emotion assessment scale; J.B. Haskins scale for the good-bad news assessment). The validity and reliability of these techniques was proved by the studies in the TV news effects.
Highlights
Several problems still remain not fully solved within the contemporary media effects studies
The classification of TV news material selection methods is to be proposed applying the following criteria: 1) the main thematic areas of the studies; 2) the nature of the selected research materials – the whole news releases or the individual TV stories; 3) the subject of selection procedure – was the selection made by the researcher or by other coders; 4) the selection method – was the material selected for a certain period and a certain channel from the large pool which included all the news stories, or not
The majority of the media effect studies report on the selection of media stimuli
Summary
Several problems still remain not fully solved within the contemporary media effects studies. The choice of the media content to study is determined by the media representatives themselves as the research clients. It remains unclear how accurate the selected media stimuli reflect the content of media material and the methods of its presentation in mass media [1]. Another major problem is that the researchers usually pay more attention to the process of selection of human subjects for the study than to selection of media stimuli. The lack of attention to the proper selection of the media content as an independent variable in the experiments is a common problem for the media effects studies
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