Object picture of scalar field perturbation on Kerr black hole in scalar-Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory

Abstract

Scalar perturbations around the Kerr black hole in scalar-Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet (sEGB) theory are studied in the time domain. To overcome the "outer boundary problem" that usually encountered in traditional numerical calculations, we apply the hyperboloidal compactification technique to perform a $(2+1)$-dimensional simulation aiming to obtain a precise object picture of the wave propagation under the scalar field perturbation. We find that the big enough coupling constant between the scalar field and the Gauss-Bonnet curvature is responsible to destroy the original Kerr black hole. The breakdown of the Kerr spacetime happens earlier and the instability becomes more violent when the coupling becomes stronger. We further present object confirmations on the special case for the negative coupling where there exists a minimum rotation and below which the instability can never happen no matter how strong the coupling is. We also illustrate the fine structure property in the quasinormal ringing frequency once there is the coupling, and present the characteristic imprint of the sEGB theory. We expect that such a fine structure can be detected in the future gravitational wave observation to test the sEGB theory.