Obesity-Related Skin Conditions: Exploring the Link.

Abstract

Background Obesity is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of excess fat that can negatively impact health, resulting in a decreased life expectancy and heightened health issues. Obese patients experience skin changes caused by skin infections, mechanical friction, and various skin hypertrophic conditions like fibromas and acanthosis nigricans. Approximately 60-70% of patients suffering from obesity exhibit a range of skin changes. Objective The main objective of the present study is to identify the various types of skin conditions linked to obesity and investigate their relationship with body mass index (BMI). Methodology This is a cross-sectional observational study. This study included obese patients with a BMI greater than 30 kg/m2 who visited the dermatology outpatient department at Saveetha Medical College and Hospital in Chennai, India. We enrolled 100 patients in this study. After obtaining consent, demographic information, height, weight, and cutaneous examination were conducted, and the results were documented. Statistical analysis was conducted using the chi-squared test, where P<0.05 was considered significant. The t-test for independent samples was done to analyze quantitative variables. Results The mean age at presentation was 39.3, and the standard deviation was 9.9.The average BMI was 34.3, and the standard deviation was 2.6. Of the total patients, 34% belonged to the 31-40-year age group, which was followed by 30% in the 41-50-year age group, 23% belonged to the 19-30-year age group, 11% belonged to the 51-60-year age group, and 2% belonged to the >60-year age group. Most patients (63%) had Class I obesity (BMI 30.00-34.99), 34% had Class II obesity (BMI 35.00-39.99), and 3% had Class III obesity (BMI >40.00). The most common cutaneous manifestation overall was acrochordons, followed by acanthosis nigricans, striae distensae, infections, and psoriasis. Conclusion Obesity is identified as a significant public health issue, and its association with skin problems is of practical importance for many clinicians.