Abstract

Obesity is strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to use obesity measures, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) to predict the CVD and T2D risk and to determine the best predictor of these diseases among Jordanian adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the governmental and military hospitals across Jordan. The study participants were healthy or previously diagnosed with CVD or T2D. The continuous variables were compared using ANOVA, and the categorical variables were compared using the X2 test. The multivariate logistic regression was used to predict CVD and T2D risk through their association with BMI and WC. The final sample consisted of 6000 Jordanian adults with a mean age of 41.5 ± 14.7 years, 73.6% females. The BMI (OR = 1.7, CI: 1.30–2.30, p < 0.001) was associated with a higher risk of T2D compared to WC (OR = 1.3, CI: 1.04–1.52, p = 0.016). However, our results showed that BMI was not associated with CVD risk, while the WC was significantly and positively associated with CVD risk (OR = 1.9, CI: 1.47–2.47, p < 0.001). In conclusion, an elevated BMI predicts a higher risk of T2D, while WC is more efficient in predicting CVD risk. Our results can be used to construct a population-specific intervention to reduce the risk of CVD and T2D among adults in Jordan and other countries with similar backgrounds.

Highlights

  • Obesity, an excessive or abnormal fat accumulation, is a major risk factor for several chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) [1]

  • Our results presented body mass index (BMI) as a better predictor for T2D than waist circumference (WC), while WC was a better predictor for CVD than BMI among Jordanian adults

  • Our results proposed WC as a better predictor for CVD than BMI, underlining the fact that central obesity might be associated with increased risk of CVD even in normal-weight individuals [71]

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Summary

Introduction

An excessive or abnormal fat accumulation, is a major risk factor for several chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) [1]. In some developed countries, such as the U.S, the prevalence of obesity was 42.4% in adults in 2017–2018, according to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [2]. In the European region, the prevalence of obesity ranged from 14.2% to 32.1% (an average of 23.3%) among adults in 2016 [3]. The developing countries are challenged by the double burden of undernutrition and overnutrition, with limited resources to handle chronic diseases [4]. The prevalence of obesity among adults in developing countries varied according to the country’s income level. In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, the lower-middle-income countries

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