Obesity Indexes Are Positively Correlated With Blood Pressure Variability in Patients With Essential Hypertension

Abstract

Abstract Background To analyze the relationship between obesity indexes, types of obesity, and blood pressure (BP) variability (BPV) in patients with hypertension. Methods A total of 284 patients (147 males, 137 females) with essential hypertension (EH) aged 70.7 ± 14.2 years were enrolled. Patients were grouped by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and obesity types. According to BMI, patients were divided control (BMI 18.5 to <24.0), overweight (BMI 24.0 to <28.0), and obesity (BMI ≥28.0 kg/m2) groups. According to waist circumference, patients were divided into control (<90 for male and <85 cm for female) and the obesity (≥90 for male and ≥85 cm for female) groups. According to obesity type, patients were divided into control (normal BMI and waist circumference), simple abdominal obesity (normal BMI and increased waist circumference), simple overweight (BMI ≥24.0 and normal waist circumference), and combined obesity (BMI ≥24.0 kg/m2 and increased waist circumference) groups. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory BP was recorded. Results When divided by BMI, daytime systolic BP standard deviation (dSBPSD), nighttime diastolic BP standard deviation (nDBPSD), daytime systolic BP variation coefficient (dSBPCV), and nighttime systolic BP standard deviation (nSBPSD) were higher in obesity group compared with control and overweight groups (P < 0.05). When divided by waist circumference, dSBPSD, daytime diastolic BP standard deviation (dDBPSD), and dSBPCV in the abdominal obesity group were higher than the control group (all P < 0.05). When divided by obesity type, simple abdominal obesity, simple overweight obesity, and combined obesity groups had higher 24-hour diastolic BP (24hDBP) and nighttime diastolic BP (nDBP) than the control group (P < 0.05), and the combined obesity group had higher daytime systolic BP (dSBP) and dSBPSD (P < 0.05). BMI was positively correlated with dSBPSD, nSBPSD, and nDBPSD (r = 0.160, 0.136, 0.163). Body fat percentage (BF%) was positively correlated with nSBPSD, nDBPSD, and nighttime systolic BP coefficient of variation (nSBPCV) (r = 0.175, 0.128, 0.153). Waist circumference was positively correlated with dSBPSD (r = 0.138, P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that dSBPSD was positively correlated with BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio, while nSBPSD, nDBPSD were positively correlated with BMI and BF% (P < 0.05), and nSBPCV was positively correlated with BF% (P < 0.05). Conclusions Obesity indexes are positively correlated with BPV in EH patients.