Abstract
Anthocyanins have a great potential for human health, as a sub-group of phenolic compounds. Interactions of anthocyanin involved in digestion and thus in obesity consist of inhibition of pancreatic lipase, regulation of lipolysis and lipogenesis, activation of an activated protein kinase enzyme, controlling of digestion hormones (leptin, insulin, ghrelin, cholecystokinin, GIP, GLP-1). Anthocyanins are the compounds that can control metabolic syndrome and obesity by ameliorating lipid metabolism, increasing energy expenditure, suppressing food intake and inhibiting lipid absorption. In addition, the interactions with other compounds during the processing and/or in the intestinal canal can change their absorption capability and bioavailability. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, inflammatory cytokines signaling, free-radical scavenging activity are among the primary functions of anthocyanins playing role in the basic metabolic pathways. Anthocyanins also interact with gut microbiota that plays a role in many metabolic pathways. In the review, the effects of anthocyanins on the obesity-associated mechanisms in the metabolism are considered and summarized under the light of recent researches.
Highlights
Anthocyanins are food components that are very important in terms of human health especially available in fruits and vegetables that are prominent with their attractive colors
It was thought to have been managed. Today this understanding the presence of a more complex multihormonal system has changed direction. Both glucose metabolism this multihormonal regulates both food intake and insulin and amylin released from the pancreas, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), ghrelin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) secreted from the intestinal tract, adipokines secreted from adipose tissue have an important place (Aronoff et al, 2004)
In the research that has been done to investigate the consumption of anthocyanins on lipid metabolism, the mice were nourished with a high-fat diet and given black soybean extract for 6 weeks
Summary
Anthocyanins are food components that are very important in terms of human health especially available in fruits and vegetables that are prominent with their attractive colors. Anthocyanins are generally effective in inhibiting α-glucosidase, lipase, α-amylase enzymes, lowering glucose levels, regulating insulin secretion, and preventing insulin resistance (Habtemariam & Varghese, 2014) They possess anticancer (Liang et al 2019) anti-tumoral (Reboredo-Rodríguez 2018), anti-atherosclerotic (Long et al, 2018), anti-inflammatory (Perez-Meseguer et al 2019), anti-microbial (Bukhari et al 2019) and anti-obesity effects on human health and are the chemical componds that prevent neuronal and cardiovascular diseases (Yang et al, 2019, Watson et al, 2019, Zhang et al, 2019b). Obesity and overweight were initially considered to be a social problem that was prevalent only in wealthy countries with excessive food consumption Today, it is identified as a rapidly growing global problem in low- and middle-income countries, especially in urban areas (World Health Organization, 2018). The interactions of anthocyanins, which are abundant in fruits and vegetables, on the metabolism from past to present, especially in anti-obesity, are investigated and discussed
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