Obesity and use of compensatory strategies to perform common daily activities in pre-clinically disabled older adults

Abstract

ObjectivesTo examine the association between the use of compensatory strategies to successfully complete common daily activities—an indicator of pre-clinical disability—and body mass in pre-clinically disabled older adults. DesignCross-sectional observational study. ParticipantsTwo hundred and fifty-nine pre-clinically disabled older adults defined as having changed the frequency or manner of performing daily tasks without reporting any difficulty. MeasurementsThe use of compensatory strategies were objectively evaluated using the Modification (MOD) scale—a reliable and valid scale for assessing the manner in which common daily activities were completed. Height and weight were measured to classify participants into the following body mass index (BMI) categories: (1) normal: 18.5–24.9kg/m2, (2) overweight: 25.0–29.9kg/m2, (3) obese class I: 30.0–34.9kg/m2, and (4) obese class II: 35.0–39.9kg/m2. ResultsCompared to other BMI categories, individuals with class II obesity demonstrated a significantly higher probability of using ≥1 compensatory strategies when rising from a chair (30cm height), kneel to stand, stair ascent, stair descent, and supine to stand tasks. When summarized over all tasks, individuals with class II obesity were 18 times more likely to use extensive compensatory strategies (≥6 on MOD scale) compared to normal weight older adults. Similar trends at a lesser magnitude were found in obese and overweight compared to normal weight older adults. ConclusionObesity is associated with extensive use of compensatory strategies when performing common daily tasks prior to the onset of perceived difficulty, thus placing them at higher risk of disability compared to their peers with lower body mass.