Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy worldwide and its incidence has increased dramatically in recent years. In parallel, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has also increased, suggesting a possible link between these two diseases. Indeed, low-grade chronic inflammation, altered cytokine levels, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and hormonal changes that occur in obese patients are all factors that contribute to the occurrence and growth of TC. In this review, the most recent evidence supporting the potential role of the mechanisms linking obesity to TC will be discussed.
Highlights
Thyroid cancer (TC) is considered the most common endocrine malignancy worldwide.It most commonly affects women and is the second most common cancer in young women.On the tumor incidence scale, TC ranks ninth [1].The thyroid gland is composed of two distinct endocrine cell types: follicular thyroid cells, which are responsible for iodine uptake and thyroid hormone synthesis, and parafollicular cells, which produce and secrete calcitonin
The results showed that obesity in PTC patients was associated with a higher risk of tumor invasiveness and tumor tissue calcification [35]
Obesity is associated with a state of low-grade chronic inflammation characterized by nonspecific activation of the immune system and an increase in inflammatory factors
Summary
Thyroid cancer (TC) is considered the most common endocrine malignancy worldwide. It most commonly affects women and is the second most common cancer in young women. The most important are iodine deficiency and radiation, but other factors may contribute to this disease, including diet, exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) or xenobiotics, or other related influences from volcanic areas [8] These conditions interfere with the epigenetic status of an organism and can affect health status by altering gene expression [9,10]. Other additional risk factors have been studied, including estrogens [12], cigarette smoking [13], diabetes [14], obesity [15,16], metabolic syndrome [17] and insulin resistance [18] Many of these risk factors are closely related to an increase in body weight, and it is possible to speculate a role of overweight and obesity in the development and progression of TC. We will review the main studies supporting the putative link between obesity and thyroid carcinogenesis and evaluate some of the molecular mechanisms involved in this association
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callMore From: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
