Obesity and overweight are associated with worse survival in early-onset colorectal cancer

Abstract

BackgroundObesity and its associated lifestyle are known risk factors for early-onset colorectal cancer and are associated with poor postoperative and survival outcomes in older patients. We aimed to investigate the impact of obesity on the outcomes of early-onset colorectal cancers. MethodsRetrospective review of all patients undergoing primary resection of colon or rectal adenocarcinoma at our institution between 2015–2022. Patients who had palliative resections, resections performed at another institution, appendiceal tumors, and were underweight were excluded. The primary endpoint was survival according to the patient's body mass index: normal weight (18–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2), and obesity (≥30 kg/m2). Patient and tumor characteristics and survival were compared between the three groups. ResultsA total of 279 patients aged <50 years with colorectal cancer were treated at our hospital; 120 were excluded from the analysis for the following reasons: main treatment or primary resection performed at another hospital (n = 97), no resection/palliative resection (n = 23), or body mass index <18 kg/m2 (n = 2). Of these, 157 patients were included in the analysis; 61 (38.9%) were overweight and 45 (28.7%) had obesity. Except for a higher frequency of hypertension in the overweight (P = .062) and obese (P = .001) groups, no differences in patient or tumor characteristics were observed. Mean overall survival was 89 months with normal weight, 92 months with overweight, and 65 months with obesity (P = .032). Mean cancer-specific survival was 95 months with normal weight, 94 months with overweight, and 68 months with obesity (P = .018). No statistically significant difference in disease-free survival (75 vs 70 vs 59 months, P = .844) was seen. ConclusionIndividuals with early-onset colorectal cancer who are overweight or obese present with similar tumor characteristics and postoperative morbidity to patients with normal weight. However, obesity may have a detrimental impact on their survival. Addressing obesity as a modifiable risk factor might improve early-onset colorectal cancer prognosis.