Abstract
BackgroundLong pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a component of the pentraxin superfamily and a potential marker of vascular damage and inflammation, associated with negative outcome in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and PTX3 production is reported in abdominal adipose tissue. Low PTX3 is however reported in the obese population, and obesity per se may be associated with less negative ACS outcome.MethodsWe investigated the potential impact of obesity and high waist circumference (reflecting abdominal fat accumulation) on plasma PTX3 concentration in ACS patients (n = 72, 20 obese) compared to age-, sex- and BMI-matched non-ACS individuals.ResultsBoth obese and non-obese ACS patients had higher PTX3 than matched non-ACS counterparts, but PTX3 was lower in obese than non-obese individuals in both groups (all P < 0.05). PTX3 was also lower in ACS subjects with high than in those with normal waist circumference (WC). Plasma PTX3 was accordingly associated negatively with BMI and WC, independently of age and plasma creatinine. No associations were observed between PTX3 and plasma insulin, glucose or the short pentraxin and validated inflammation marker C-reactive protein, that was higher in ACS than in non-ACS individuals independently of BMI or WC.ConclusionsObesity is associated with low circulating PTX3 in ACS. This association is also observed in the presence of abdominal fat accumulation as reflected by elevated waist circumference. Low PTX3 is a novel potential modulator of tissue damage and outcome in obese ACS patients.
Highlights
The pentraxin superfamily includes short and long components [1,2]
Metabolic and hormonal profile acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and non-ACS patients were comparable for sex, age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, blood pressure, lipid profile, plasma glucose and Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) insulin resistance index
When subjects were divided into two groups with high or normal waist circumference according to ATP III classification (Males: WC > 102 cm, Females: WC > 88 cm), pentraxin 3 (PTX3) was lower in high- than in normalwaist circumference individuals in both ACS (Normal WC: 8.7 ± 1.1, High WC: 5.6 ± 0.24 nmol/ml, P = 0.046) and non-ACS group (Normal WC: 3.3 ± 0.14, High WC: 2.6 ± 0.1 nmol/ml, P = 0.03) (Figure 1b)
Summary
The pentraxin superfamily includes short and long components [1,2]. C-reactive protein is a liver-synthesized short pentraxin and a strongly validated marker of systemic inflammation [1,2,3]. In the general population [4,13] and in disease states including chronic kidney failure [14,15] and insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome [16,17,18,19], low plasma PTX3 was found in most reports in obese individuals and in subjects with high waist circumference, despite high PTX3 expression in abdominal fat [20,21]. We hypothesized that obesity has a negative impact on circulating PTX3 in ACS, and that similar interactions are observed between PTX3 and high waist circumference, a surrogate marker of abdominal fat accumulation. Long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a component of the pentraxin superfamily and a potential marker of vascular damage and inflammation, associated with negative outcome in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Low PTX3 is reported in the obese population, and obesity per se may be associated with less negative ACS outcome
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