Abstract
Backgrounds: Generally, a prevalence of obesity increasing constantly represents one of major health care and social problems. Many researchers indicate that obesity has a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but some persons believe that obesity may occur T2DM. GLP-1 and GIP as incretin hormone are secreted in response to ingestion of nutrients. In the circulation, they are rapidly inactivated by dipeptidyl peptidase-4. We report interesting findings on secretion of incretin after test meal (TM) in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1 DM) and T2DM associated with or without obesity. Materials and Methods: In Japan, ⧠25 kg/m2 in BMI are defined as obesity. After overnight fast, subjects were ingested of TM (550 kcal) comprised of 60% carbohydrate, 23% fat and 17% protein. Based on GLP-1, patients with T1DM (n=10) were treated with multiple daily injections of insulin (MDI) or CSII. Non-obese (n=23) and obese (n=24) patients with T2DM with micro- and macroangiopathy were treated with oral drugs for various disease. Based on GIP, patients with T1DM (n=15) and T2DM (n=29) were treated with MDI or CSII for T1DM and oral drugs for T2DM, respectively. Results: Basal and postprandial levels of plasma active GLP-1 (p-GLP-1) after TM in Japanese patient with T1DM and T2DM are similar to those with control, but basal and postprandial ratio of p-GLP-1/glucose are low compared with controls. AUCs of plasma GIP at early-phase were significant negatively and positively related to BMI in patients with T1DM and T2DM, respectively. Conclusions: Japanese patients with T2DM regards of obesity may have a low secretion of GLP-1, which may be due to genetic factors. However, there is no T2DM in obese persons without low secretion of GLP-1. Therefore, risk factors for DM are important to diagnose T2DM.
Highlights
A prevalence of obesity is constantly increasing, and it represents one of the major health care and social problems nowadays
Basal and postprandial levels of plasma active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) (p-GLP-1) after test meal (TM) in Japanese patient with T1DM and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are similar to those with control, but basal and postprandial ratio of p-GLP-1/glucose are low compared with controls
Japanese patients with T2DM regards of obesity may have a low secretion of GLP-1, which may be due to genetic factors
Summary
A prevalence of obesity is constantly increasing, and it represents one of the major health care and social problems nowadays. There is a huge individual variability in the risk for metabolic and clinical morbidity associated with obesity [1,2]. This has led to description in the medical literature of groups with obese subjects, in spite of having a high body mass index (BMI), being relatively resistant to development of clinical and metabolic abnormalities. These subjects have been referred as “Metabolically Healthy but Obese” (MHO) [3,4,5,6]. A systematic review of 14 recently published studies [4,5] found that the prevalence of MHO phenotype ranged widely from 6 to 44% [6]
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