Obesity and 25(OH)D Serum Concentration Are More Important than Vitamin D Intake for Changes in Nutritional Status Indicators: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study in a State Capital City in Southern Brazil.

Cembranel Cembranel,Moreno Moreno,González-Chica González-Chica,D'orsi D'Orsi,Weber Corseuil Giehl Weber Corseuil Giehl,Jakovljevic Pudla Wagner Jakovljevic Pudla Wagner

doi:10.3390/nu11102366

Abstract

Our objective was to investigate the relationship between dietary vitamin D intake and serum concentration of vitamin D (25(OH)D) on changes in body weight, waist circumference (WC), and body mass index (BMI), and to determine if this relationship changes between obese and non-obese individuals at baseline and those who have or do not have 25(OH)D deficiency. This was a prospective study with a sample of 572 individuals aged 25–65 years, who were participants in the cohort study EpiFloripa Adults. Changes in weight (in kg), BMI, and WC between 2012 and 2014 were evaluated as outcomes. The main exposure was the dietary intake of vitamin D (2012), and the 25(OH)D serum concentration was secondary. When the analyses were stratified by the presence of obesity in the baseline, among obese individuals it was observed that those in the extreme categories of vitamin D intake had an average gain of 3.0 kg in weight, 0.9 kg/m2 in BMI, and 1.7–2.7 cm in WC. When 25(OH)D serum concentration were incorporated into the analyses, it was observed that non-obese subjects not having 25(OH)D deficiency had a mean reduction of 2.3 cm in WC. In conclusion, the increases in body weight, BMI, and WC were higher over time in obese patients with deficient 25(OH)D serum concentration, regardless of dietary vitamin D intake.

Highlights

The progressive increase in the prevalence of obesity since the 1980s has been considered a global public health problem
When multiplicative terms were added to the final regression models (between vitamin D intake and 25(OH)D serum concentration), there was a 36% increase in variability explained by the models for weight change and body mass index (BMI) (R2 increased from 12.9% to 17.5%, and from 12.8% to 17.4%, respectively), and of 9.0% for the change in waist circumference (WC) (R2 increased from 31.6% to 34.4%)
This study is characterized as the first population-based prospective study investigating the effect of vitamin D intake and 25(OH)D serum concentration on changes in three nutritional status indicators among adults from a city located in a middle-income country

Summary

Introduction

The progressive increase in the prevalence of obesity since the 1980s has been considered a global public health problem. The severity of obesity is due in large part to its relation with the occurrence of chronic non-transmissible diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and various types of cancer Together, these diseases account for a significant percentage of deaths in the world, ranging from 37% in low-income countries to 78%. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin obtained by both diet (in smaller amounts) and by sun exposure (main source) [5,6]. It is traditionally recognized for its role in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis in bone tissue [6]. In Norway, among participants of The HUNT Study, Mai et al [4]

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