Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for the development of certain types of cancer.To estimate the proportion of cancers potentially attributable to obesity in men and women in Chile based on the calculation of population attributable fractions (PAF %).Cancer sites studied were those where obesity is a known risk factor based on the updated World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) analysis. Namely, colorectal, endometrium, esophagus, breast, pancreas, kidney and gallbladder cancers were analyzed. Overall and specific PAFs% were calculated for cancer sites and sex from known estimates of relative risk and national prevalence of overweight and obesity.The overall estimates of cancer PAF% for obesity were approximately 20%, without differences between men and women. Highest cancer PAFs% were for endometrial (47%) in women, and esophageal (35%) and pancreatic (31%) in men. The largest sex differences in PAFs% were for gallbladder (higher in women) and colorectal (higher in men). Results are closer to those reported from developed countries (USA and United Kingdom) than those from developing countries (Brasil, China).In Chile about 20% of all cancers could be prevented by obesity prevention and control strategies.
Highlights
Obesity is a risk factor for the development of certain types of cancer
Dado que existe evidencia convincente de la asociación entre obesidad y varias localizaciones de cáncer, el objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la proporción de cánceres que pudieran ser potencialmente prevenibles en Chile a través del control de la obesidad, mediante el cálculo de FAP%, y compararla con estimaciones similares realizadas en otros países
Esto quiere decir que una fracción importante (20% o más) de los cánceres tanto en algunas localizaciones específicas, como a nivel global, podrían prevenirse si se disminuyen los niveles de obesidad del país
Summary
Obesity is a risk factor for the development of certain types of cancer. Aim: To estimate the proportion of cancers potentially attributable to obesity in men and women in Chile based on the calculation of population attributable fractions (PAF %). Results: The overall estimates of cancer PAF% for obesity were approximately 20%, without differences between men and women. Es materia principal de la salud pública intentar determinar la fracción de los casos de cáncer atribuible a la exposición a los factores de riesgo conocidos, de modo de identificar las medidas de prevención más costo-efectivas. El cálculo de la fracción atribuible poblacional (FAP%) permite estimar el grado en que los casos de cáncer son prevenibles, al disminuir o eliminar la exposición a un determinado factor de riesgo[5,6,7]. Dado que existe evidencia convincente de la asociación entre obesidad y varias localizaciones de cáncer, el objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la proporción de cánceres que pudieran ser potencialmente prevenibles en Chile a través del control de la obesidad, mediante el cálculo de FAP%, y compararla con estimaciones similares realizadas en otros países
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