Oat Attenuation of Hyperglycemia-Induced Retinal Oxidative Stress and NF-B Activation in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Abdulrahman L. Al-Malki

doi:10.1155/2013/983923

Abstract

The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of endothelial damage in diabetes. To assess the effect of oat on experimental diabetic retinopathy, five groups of Albino rats were studied: nondiabetic control, untreated diabetic, and diabetic rats treated with 5%, 10%, and 20% (W/W) oat of the diet for 12 weeks. Novel data were obtained in this study indicating a protective role of oat against oxidative stress and diabetic retinopathy. The effects of oat on parameters of oxidative stress, AGE, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were assessed by ELISA and NF-κB activation by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were also determined. After 12 weeks of diabetes, oat treatment reduced blood glucose levels, HbA1c, all oxidative stress markers, CML, normalized NF-κB activation and TNFα expression. Furthermore it reduced VEGF in the diabetic retina by 43% (P < 0.001). In conclusion, oat modulates microvascular damage through normalized pathways downstream of ROS overproduction and reduction of NF-κB and its controlled genes activation, which may provide additional endothelial protection.

Highlights

Diabetes is a wide distributed disease characterized by high concentrations of the circulating glucose
E aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of oat on the hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and if this can attenuate the development of diabetic retinopathy
Because oat is natural and widely used, the results of this study may provide an alternative for enhancing nutrition and diabetic control during diabetic retinopathy

Summary

Introduction

Diabetes is a wide distributed disease characterized by high concentrations of the circulating glucose. In many of the developed countries, diabetes is the leading cause of noninjury amputation, blindness and visual impairment, and end-stage renal disease in adults. It can threaten vision; patients with diabetes develop cataracts at an earlier age. The ability of oat-derived ββ-glucan to reduce postprandial glycaemia has been strongly correlated with its viscosity [23], demonstrating an inverse linear relationship between the logarithm of viscosity measures and peak postprandial plasma glucose and insulin responses a er consuming various doses of puri ed oat ββ-glucan with a 50 g oral glucose load Despite these ndings, the levels of viscosity required to achieve speci c glucose-lowering effects are poorly understood. Because oat is natural and widely used, the results of this study may provide an alternative for enhancing nutrition and diabetic control during diabetic retinopathy

Materials and Methods

Results

Discussion