OA synovial fluid induces chondrocyte fibrosis and proliferation via MAPK and RHOGTPASE signaling routes

Abstract

Purpose: A major hallmark of osteoarthritis (OA) is cartilage degeneration. Synovial fluid is in direct contact with the articular cartilage and other joint tissues, functioning as a source of nutrients and signaling molecules. It plays a crucial role in regulating cartilage homeostasis and repair. Alterations in the composition of synovial fluid (SF) have been associated with adverse effects on cartilage integrity and function. A subpopulation of fibro-chondrocytes was recently identified in late-stage OA knee cartilage.