Викoристaння енергії біомаси для теплозабезпечення кoмунально-побутових об’єктів господарства

Abstract

The rise in energy prices and the deterioration of the ecological state of the environment, as a result of the growing consumption of fossil fuels, are prompting humanity to use biomass for energy needs. The agricultural complex is the main biomass producing industry. The transition of the heat supply system to a new basis, namely, to the use of biomass energy for the needs of communal and household facilities of farms, requires new methods for calculating the volume of the energy yield of an alternative source of heat supply based on crop waste, will ensure their more rational use. One of the problems for the effective use of an alternative source of heat supply based on crop waste is the development of a methodological approach to determine its volume for the heating season, taking into account the calorific properties. The purpose of the work is the effective use of an alternative source of heat supply based on crop waste by developing a methodological approach to determine the potential of energy harvest from crop waste, their volumes for the heating season, taking into account the calorific properties and the selection of technological equipment. The effective use of an alternative source of heat supply was carried out due to the rational use of the structure of the cultivated areas of the farm and the determination of the volume of fuel for the heating period, taking into account its calorific value according to ISO 1928: 1995 IDT, DSTU ISO 1928: 2006 "Solid mineral fuels. Determination of the highest calorific value by the method of combustion in a calorimetric bomb and the calculation of the net calorific value". According to the research results, one of the promising and relevant directions for the effective use of the potential of an alternative source of heat supply is proposed, namely the combination of the use of straw and gas compressed into bales. The structure of the fields from which you can harvest 2 crops - food and energy - is presented. With the calorific value of straw 10501 kJ/kg and the volume of its combustion 12.130 centners, the heating period is 162 days, which leads to the replacement of natural gas in the amount of 42 thousand m3/year.