Abstract
Cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR) is a cyclic nucleotide involved in the Ca2+ homeostasis. In its structure, the northern ribose, bonded to adenosine through an N1 glycosidic bond, is connected to the southern ribose through a pyrophosphate bridge. Due to the chemical instability at the N1 glycosidic bond, new bioactive cADPR derivatives have been synthesized. One of the most interesting analogues is the cyclic inosine diphosphate ribose (cIDPR), in which the hypoxanthine replaced adenosine. The efforts for synthesizing new linear and cyclic northern ribose modified cIDPR analogues led us to study in detail the inosine N1 alkylation reaction. In the last few years, we have produced new flexible cIDPR analogues, where the northern ribose has been replaced by alkyl chains. With the aim to obtain the closest flexible cIDPR analogue, we have attached to the inosine N1 position a 2″,3″-dihydroxypentyl chain, possessing the two OH groups in a ribose-like fashion. The inosine alkylation reaction afforded also the O6-alkylated regioisomer, which could be a useful intermediate for the construction of new kinds of cADPR mimics.
Highlights
Introduction iationsThe design and synthesis of new nucleoside and nucleotide analogues is a frontier theme in light of the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic that the world is facing [1]
[Ca2+]i activities when perfused to we report on the synthesis and characterization of the O6-alkylated compound 9, obtained neurons as efficiently as Cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR)
[24–26] we report on the synthesis and characterization of the O
Summary
The design and synthesis of new nucleoside and nucleotide analogues is a frontier theme in light of the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic that the world is facing [1]. Apart from being employed in medicinal chemistry both as antiviral [2] and antitumor drugs [3], nucleosides, nucleotides, and their analogues can be used as probes in the signaling pathways [4–6]. Cyclic nucleotides are important second messengers involved in signal transduction [7,8]. CADPR (1, Figure 1), an 18-membered cyclic nucleotide firstly isolated from sea urchin egg extracts [9], elicits Ca2+ ions from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to cytosol through the ryanodine receptor (RyR) in several cellular systems [10]. Alterations in the cADPR biosynthesis and calcium homeostasis can play pathological roles in diabetes, airway hyper-responsiveness and autism [11]. The chemical instability at the N1 glycosidic bond in physiological conditions
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