Abstract
Lower urinary tract (LUT) dysfunction is one of the primary concerns of the spinal cord injury (SCI) population. Daily management for LUT includes a combination of catheterization (either self-intermittent or suprapubic) and pharmacological approaches which do not restore functionality. Promising results from multiple individuals receiving spinal cord epidural stimulation (scES) for voluntary movement or cardiovascular control showed off-target improvements in LUT function. More recent pre-clinical and clinical scES experiments specifically targeting the lumbosacral circuitries mediating LUT function have shown improvements in storage, detrusor pressure, and emptying.
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