Abstract

Glial cells play important roles in neuropathic pain.1 Transcriptome-based analyses in an animal model showed that spinal cord stimulation (SCS) using a differential target multiplexed programming approach modulated glia-specific genes in the spinal cord (SC) toward the naïve state.2 Astrocytes participate actively in prevalent spinal sensitization. Astrocyte activation changes the expression of proteins involved in structure, synaptic plasticity, and inflammatory processes. Some are heavily regulated (activated/inhibited), oftentimes by phosphorylation, such that a state-dependent change is observed instead of an expression change.

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