Abstract
Pesquisa qualitativa, de base analítico-interpretativa, que teve como objetivo apresentar as percepções das famílias sobre o suporte social na transição do pós-desastre natural. Foram entrevistados seis núcleos familiares residentes, em uma localidade rural do Sul do Brasil, afetados por um desastre natural, no ano de 2008. Os dados foram coletados em 2010, a partir de observação participante, entrevista narrativa, genograma e ecomapa. As narrativas colhidas foram analisadas seguindo as etapas do método de Fritz Schütze. Os resultados revelam a ajuda percebida durante a fase de transição, a falta de ajuda esperada, o suporte emocional de familiares e amigos e os recursos lembrados pelas famílias em seus ecomapas, os quais tiveram importância fundamental para a fase inicial de recuperação pós-desastre. O estudo contribui para a compreensão do contexto de recuperação das famílias e destaca a pertinência do suporte social como meio de enfrentamento das mudanças.
Highlights
The relationship between social support, health and stressful life situations has been studied by researchers from the health and human behavior areas for some decades, with greater emphasis since 1980.1-2 Social support has positive effects on health, and may be defined as “a process through which social relationships promote health and well-being”.3:1220
In the situation of changes in life resulting from natural disaster, various studies have indicated social support as a mediator of stress and as a protective factor for individuals’, families’ and communities’ recovery and coping
The help expected in crisis situations differs between countries, with the system based on family and relatives being more common in Latin-American countries, as opposed to the system of humanitarian help, which is considered more functional, formal and universal when operated in disasters in the USA.[4]
Summary
The relationship between social support, health and stressful life situations has been studied by researchers from the health and human behavior areas for some decades, with greater emphasis since 1980.1-2 Social support has positive effects on health, and may be defined as “a process through which social relationships promote health and well-being”.3:1220In the situation of changes in life resulting from natural disaster, various studies have indicated social support as a mediator of stress and as a protective factor for individuals’, families’ and communities’ recovery and coping. The relationship between social support, health and stressful life situations has been studied by researchers from the health and human behavior areas for some decades, with greater emphasis since 1980.1-2 Social support has positive effects on health, and may be defined as “a process through which social relationships promote health and well-being”.3:1220. The importance of the formal and informal social network for recovery following disaster and for preparing families prior to disaster situations[4] is addressed in the literature on this issue. The protective function of social support and of relationships with the extended family in disaster situations is related to the perception of social support, and is reflected in the need for help from medical services and in the gender-differentiated responses to stress.[5,6] In addition to this, emotional and social support seems to be the main moderator of psychological effects in adolescents in the post-disaster period.[3,7]. The study’s author, observed that the help from the network close to the families promoted greater cohesion and solidarity in the neighborhood, bearing in mind the other network members’ similar experiences with the disaster.[8]
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