O-GlcNAcylation of co-activator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 regulates its protein substrate specificity.

Purin Charoensuksai,Nathan Sherer,Wei Xu,Peter Kuhn,Lu Wang

doi:10.1042/bj20141072

Abstract

Co-activator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) asymmetrically di-methylates proteins on arginine residues. CARM1 was previously known to be modified through O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosaminidation (O-GlcNAcylation). However, the site(s) of O-GlcNAcylation were not mapped and the effects of O-GlcNAcylation on biological functions of CARM1 were undetermined. In the present study, we describe the comprehensive mapping of CARM1 post-translational modification (PTM) using top-down MS. We found that all detectable recombinant CARM1 expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells is automethylated as we previously reported and that about 50% of this automethylated CARM1 contains a single O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety [31]. The O-GlcNAc moiety was mapped by MS to four possible sites (Ser595, Ser598, Thr601 and Thr603) in the C-terminus of CARM1. Mutation of all four sites [CARM1 quadruple mutant (CARM1QM)] markedly decreased O-GlcNAcylation, but did not affect protein stability, dimerization or cellular localization of CARM1. Moreover, CARM1QM elicits similar co-activator activity as CARM1 wild-type (CARM1WT) on a few transcription factors known to be activated by CARM1. However, O-GlcNAc-depleted CARM1 generated by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) enrichment, O-GlcNAcase (OGA) treatment and mutation of putative O-GlcNAcylation sites displays different substrate specificity from that of CARM1WT. Our findings suggest that O-GlcNAcylation of CARM1 at its C-terminus is an important determinant for CARM1 substrate specificity.

Highlights

Co-activator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1), known as protein arginine methyltransferase4 (PRMT4), is a type I PRMT that asymmetrically dimethylates arginine on target proteins
Our result showed that CARM1 wild-type (CARM1WT) and CARM1 quadruple mutant (CARM1QM) interacted with transcription intermediary factor 1 α (TIF1α) indicating that O-GlcNAcylation does not affect the interaction between CARM1 and TIF1α (Supplementary Figure S4A)
Using high-resolution top-down MS, we have discovered that ∼50 % of recombinant CARM1 expressed from HEK293T cells is mono-O-GlcNAcylated

Summary

Introduction

Co-activator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1), known as protein arginine methyltransferase4 (PRMT4), is a type I PRMT that asymmetrically dimethylates arginine on target proteins. We mutated O-GlcNAcylation sites to alanine individually or in combination and expressed mutant CARM1 proteins in HEK293T cells using the Halo–tag system (Figure 2C).

Results

Conclusion