Abstract
Em novembro de 2017, depois de 37 anos, encerrou-se o governo de Robert Mugabe no Zimbábue. A mudança no poder é um marco na história do país e do Continente Africano como um todo. O objetivo do artigo é analisar os fatores que condicionaram a queda do poder de Mugabe e as possíveis mudanças no contexto político do país. Parte-se do pressuposto de que as relações externas do país, aliadas às divisões internas do partido, condicionaram a crise que culminou com o fim do governo de Mugabe. A postura de não interferência nos assuntos domésticos tanto dos vizinhos africanos, quanto do principal parceiro econômico do Zimbábue, a China, da mesma forma que possibilitou a manutenção de Mugabe no poder ao longo de quase quatro décadas, também propiciou que a transição para Mnangagwa, assistida pelos militares, ocorresse sem maiores intercorrências. As disputas internas da ZANU-PF, por sua vez, alimentadas pela necessidade cada vez maior de que Mugabe indicasse um sucessor, gradualmente, foram enfraquecendo o poder de Mugabe e criando novas alianças. A mudança na figura de liderança do país, todavia, não parece indicar alterações significativas nas condições políticas do país, nada obstante algumas modificações na condução da economia possivelmente ocorram.
Highlights
Robert Mugabe’s long government, which began with Zimbabwe’s independence in 1980, came to an end, almost forty years later, in 2017
Zimbabwe has a history of crises and conflicts since its independence
The end of a long government, as is the case in question, is a central moment in the understanding of the trajectory of a country, both from a historical point of view and as a possible turning point for the future path that will be taken. It should not be forgotten, that, despite the change in power, there is the maintenance of the party, the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU-PF), which points to important traces of continuity
Summary
Robert Mugabe’s long government, which began with Zimbabwe’s independence in 1980, came to an end, almost forty years later, in 2017. The end of a long government, as is the case in question, is a central moment in the understanding of the trajectory of a country, both from a historical point of view and as a possible turning point for the future path that will be taken It should not be forgotten, that, despite the change in power, there is the maintenance of the party, the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU-PF), which points to important traces of continuity. The crisis in the country continued to develop with violent actions from all sides and even internal disputes in both the opposition and the government Reflecting these disputes, a new party was created in 2015, People First, the result of a split within ZANU-PF. The Zimbabwe National Liberation War Veterans Association (ZNLWVA), Mugabe’s historical ally, withdrew its support for the President, accusing him of being dictatorial and blaming Grace for the country’s conflicts (FH 2017)
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