Abstract
This article has as its theoretical framework the studies of Giorgio Agamben, starting his analysis of the classic concept of the nation-state, configuring the field as a new essential element of this type, understanding the state of exception not as the classic suspension of the temporary regulation, but rather as a displaced location in territorial space, which should be understood as a government technique. This technique is present nowadays in democratic states even though the state of exception is not openly stated. The article analyzes the right to life and death of those who are inserted in this displaced space as a central issue of biopolitics, as medical science redefines the concept of death, brain death or death, finding that life and death has moving borders. The fusion between medicine and politics is found to be one of the essential features of modern biopolitics, where there is an exchange of roles in which the physician decides as much as the sovereign once decided. Finally, it is suggested that one cannot lose sight of the fact that the field and the state of exception are always virtually present and that scientific knowledge can at any time be used by state power, with the risks inherent in the convenience of the government.
Highlights
This article has as its theoretical framework the studies of Giorgio Agamben, starting his analysis of the classic concept of the nationstate, configuring the field as a new essential element of this type, understanding the state of exception not as the classic suspension of the temporary regulation, but rather as a displaced location in territorial space, which should be understood as a government technique
The article analyzes the right to life and death of those who are inserted in this displaced space as a central issue of biopolitics, as medical science redefines the concept of death, brain death or death, finding that life and death has moving borders
The fusion between medicine and politics is found to be one of the essential features of modern biopolitics, where there is an exchange of roles in which the physician decides as much as the sovereign once decided
Summary
O presente trabalho tem como base e fundamento teórico a obra do filósofo italiano Giorgio Agamben, o qual, segundo Castro, em obra introdutória ao seu pensamento, o filósofo “ocupa um lugar cada vez mais destacado no panorama do pensamento contemporâneo” justamente por enfrentar a “politização moderna da vida biológica” (2012, p. 9). Agamben analisa a chamada vida nua e como o Estado se apropria do poder decisório sobre a mesma, revisitando o conceito de Estadonação e propondo novos paradigmas. O estado de exceção como elemento essencial do conceito de estadonação, o campo. Segundo Agamben o Estadonação moderno se fundava “no nexo funcional entre determinada localização (o território) e um determinado ordenamento (o Estado)”, mediado por regras automáticas de inscrição da vida (o nascimento ou nação)” [...] se a essência do campo consiste na materialização do estado de exceção e na consequente criação de um espaço para a vida nua como tal, teremos que admitir, então, que nos encontramos virtualmente em presença de um campo todas as vezes em que for criado estrutura semelhante, independentemente da entidade dos crimes que são cometidos ali e qualquer que seja a sua denominação e topografia específica. O sujeito da soberania, no caso da exceção, não está limitado a um conjunto de competências, mas a uma decisão, que tem em si a presunção de um poder ilimitado, em circunstancia de um caso concreto. (SCZIMINSKI; BAZZANELA, 2013)
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