Abstract
The strong presence of religious education in Brazilian public schools stimulated this investigation whose principal objective is to analyze the relationship between the Catholic Church and the Brazilian State especially with regard to religious education. The constitutional texts from the beginning of the Republic to the 1988 constitution are analyzed in which the historical roots of the interlaced interests and disagreements between Church and State may be verified. This relationship resulted in the establishment of religious education in public and lay schools, except for a short time in the beginning decades of the 20 th century, just after the Proclamation of the Republic (1889) but restored in 1934 as an optional discipline. The understanding of this theme may certainly contribute to a wider and deeper study of Brazilian education and lead to the discussion on the formation of Brazilian dominant classes and their role in education.
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