Abstract

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as disciplinas de Enfermagem Psiquiátrica e Saúde Mental nas estruturas curriculares dos cursos de graduação em enfermagem brasileiros. Método: estudo exploratório de análise documental, cujos dados foram coletados nos websites das instituições que possuíam cadastro no site do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira, através de instrumento elaborado para esse estudo, com informações relacionadas à instituição, disciplinas oferecidas na área, localização da(s) disciplina(s) no currículo e carga horária. Os dados obtidos foram lançados no Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 2.0 para realização da estatística descritiva. Resultados: dos 738 cursos cadastrados, 88,8% são oferecidos por instituições privadas, 72% das instituições pesquisadas disponibilizavam matriz curricular do curso on-line, dentre essas, 47,2% apresentavam ao menos uma disciplina na área, com média de 96 horas nas instituições privadas e 142 horas nas públicas, perfazendo 2,4% e 3,5% da carga horária total do curso, respectivamente. Conclusão: verificou-se a predominância de instituições privadas ofertando graduação em enfermagem e que há cursos que não oferece disciplina relacionada à Enfermagem Psiquiátrica e Saúde Mental. Notou-se também que não houve uma padronização de nomenclatura e do período para oferecimento dessa disciplina. Sugere-se pesquisas na área sobre o modo de como são ministrados os conteúdos teóricos e prático dessa disciplina.

Highlights

  • The Brazilian Psychiatric Reform, conceived in the late 1970s, was characterized as a historical movement marked by criticism of the classic psychiatric model and by the introduction of new care practices to overcome this paradigm

  • This movement led to great changes in the nursing care provided to people with mental disorders, seeking their socialization and psychosocial rehabilitation and suggesting reordering of the psychiatric care model centered on the deinstitutionalization of the person with mental illness.[1]

  • In 17 programs, 2.3% of the total offered three or more disciplines related to Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, and no disciplines/courses related to this content were offered in 215 institutions (29.1%)

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Summary

Introduction

The Brazilian Psychiatric Reform, conceived in the late 1970s, was characterized as a historical movement marked by criticism of the classic psychiatric model and by the introduction of new care practices to overcome this paradigm. This understanding requires adoption of the new care model to mental health during nurses’ training based on overcoming the biomedical and hospital-centric model for the integrating model, which really values the biopsychosocial aspects of health care and establishes a commitment to the principles of the Unified Health System.[2] This change in the mental health model becomes a strong argument in favor of the need to rethink the teaching of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, considering that the teaching reality which is outlined does not seem to match the care demands of the new mental health care devices such as the Centers of Psychosocial Care,[3,4] driven by the paradigm shift in the concept of the person with mental disorders and mental health care. It is a consensus in the literature of the area that despite the expanding role of nurses in the country’s new mental health services, few of these professionals have occupied this space.[3,4,5,6,7,8]

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