Abstract
The high prevalence of chagasic blood donors in blood centers in Brazil (6.9%) and in Latin America (6.5%) in the 60's and 70's, together with the combat to the vector since the 70's have made transfusion Chagas disease the main mechanism of the disease transmission in the 80's. However, the highly favorable results achieved to eliminate the vector and the serologic screening of blood donors, reduced the prevalence of serum positivity to 0.2% and 1.3%, respectively and the rate of annual transmission through blood transfusion from 20.000 to 13 in four decades in Brazil. Nevertheless, despite outstanding advancements in endemic countries, Chagas disease reached, via migration, non-endemic countries in North America and Europe besides Japan and Australia, placing their blood recipients at risk and turning Chagas disease into a worldwide health problem. Transfusion safety through serologic selection raised another big issue i.e. high proportion of inconclusive reactions as well as two great challenges: the meaning of such exams and what guidelines to provide the donor. However, the strategies adopted by non-endemic countries and the advancements achieved by endemics so far forecast the highly wished vector and transfusion control of Chagas disease.
Highlights
The high prevalence of chagasic blood donors in blood centers in Brazil (6.9%) and in Latin America (6.5%) in the 60’s and 70’s, together with the combat to the vector since the 70’s have made transfusion Chagas disease the main mechanism of the disease transmission in the 80’s
Quadro semelhante foi observado gradativamente em todos os países endêmicos[4]
Realizado no ano de 2007, em população de crianças entre 0 a 5 anos, que totalizou 94 mil amostras de sangue coletadas, demonstrou uma soroprevalência da doença de Chagas neste grupo de 0%, o que pode ser interpretado como a confirmação da interrupção da transmissão da doença de Chagas no Brasil[7]
Summary
The high prevalence of chagasic blood donors in blood centers in Brazil (6.9%) and in Latin America (6.5%) in the 60’s and 70’s, together with the combat to the vector since the 70’s have made transfusion Chagas disease the main mechanism of the disease transmission in the 80’s. Como a maioria dos doadores de sangue está geralmente concentrada na faixa etária dos 18 aos 35 anos[8], o menor número de candidatos chagásicos nos bancos de sangue, somado à obrigatoriedade da triagem sorológica, imposta na quase totalidade dos países endêmicos nos últimos anos, vem reduzindo a prevalência entre os doadores e, consequentemente, uma importante redução do risco da transmissão transfusional da doença de Chagas em toda a América Latina[3] (Tabela 1).
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