Abstract
BackgroundInvestigation of insecticide resistance mechanisms is considered a vital first step towards the creation of effective strategies to control resistant mosquitoes and manage mosquito-borne diseases. Our previous study revealed that NYD-OP7 may be associated with deltamethrin resistance in Culex pipiens pallen. However, the precise function of NYD-OP7 in deltamethrin resistance is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of NYD-OP7 in the molecular mechanisms underlying pyrethroid resistance.ResultsKnockdown of NYD-OP7 not only increased the susceptibility of the mosquitoes to deltamethrin in vivo but also simultaneously repressed both expression and enzyme activity of its downstream effector molecule, phospholipase C (PLC) and expression of several insecticide resistance-related P450 genes. Knockdown of PLC also sensitized the mosquitoes to deltamethrin and reduced the expression of the P450 genes.ConclusionsOur results revealed that NYD-OP7 and its downstream effector PLC contribute to deltamethrin resistance by regulating the expression of P450s in Cx. pipiens pallens.
Highlights
Investigation of insecticide resistance mechanisms is considered a vital first step towards the creation of effective strategies to control resistant mosquitoes and manage mosquito-borne diseases
Role of NYD-OP7 in deltamethrin resistance To identify the effects of NYD-OP7 on deltamethrin resistance, we injected dsNYD-OP7 into the DR strain. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) showed that the knockdown efficiency of NYD-OP7 was 45% when compared with the negative control (NC) group (Fig. 2a)
To clarify how NYD-OP7 plays a role in deltamethrin resistance, we tested changes in the expression and enzyme activity of its downstream effector phospholipase C (PLC)
Summary
Investigation of insecticide resistance mechanisms is considered a vital first step towards the creation of effective strategies to control resistant mosquitoes and manage mosquito-borne diseases. Our previous study revealed that NYD-OP7 may be associated with deltamethrin resistance in Culex pipiens pallen. We investigated the role of NYD-OP7 in the molecular mechanisms underlying pyrethroid resistance. Chemical insecticides are one of the mainstay strategies for the control of mosquito vectors. Resistance to insecticides has been reported in many mosquito species, implicating a major obstacle for the control of vector-borne diseases [12,13,14]. Three major mechanisms are responsible for insecticide resistance in mosquitoes: alterations in the target sites, increased metabolic detoxification, and reduced cuticular penetration [20,21,22].
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