Abstract
Urban sprawl is known to have a negative impact on the environment and is considered one of the main challenges in urban development. The current work aims to understand the spatio-temporal characteristics of urban growth and its environmental impact in the city of Amman. The paper's empirical method relies on NDVI, NDBI, and LST calculated using remote sensing and GIS techniques. For this study, Landsat Thematic Mapper Landsat 5-TM images from 1990, 1995, 1999, and 2004 were acquired, as well as Landsat 8-OLI images from 2013, 2017, and 2022. The surface temperature of Amman has increased as the area of paved roads, residential, commercial and industrial land use types have increased, while green spaces and vacant lots have decreased. The NDVI analysis revealed that there was variation in the vegetation index during the study year due to human activities as well as climatic change. Correlations between biophysical variables and LST revealed that NDVI had a significant negative correlation, while NDBI had a positive relationship. Further, a significant positive correlation was observed between road networks and built-up areas which enhance the occurrence of urban sprawl due to urbanization. This study highlighted the significance of considering the environmental consequences of urban sprawl when developing and implementing GAM policies and strategies.
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