Еnvironmental hazards of the mining and chemical enterprises territory

Abstract

The ecological situation in most mining regions n Ukraine is critical, and the closure of unprofitable mining enterprises, mines and cuts creates environmental problems associated with significant changes in the geological and hydrological environment. The purpose of the work is to assess the environmental hazard of the territory of the Rozdil State Mining and Chemical Enterprise Sirka. The research was carried out on the territory of Rozdil SMCE “Sirka”. Rozdil State Mining and Chemical Enterprise “Sirka” is in the West of Ukraine (Lviv region) of the Dniester River basin. According to the State Register of Potentially Hazardous Objects (PHO) of Ukraine, Rozdil State Mining and Chemical Enterprise Sirka belongs to the monitoring facilities of PHO. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) method was used experimentally to determine the qualitative and quantitative composition of heavy metals and other inorganic elements in samples, soil pollution with heavy metals. The main threats were identified which should be considered at the stage of liquidation of the mining and chemical enterprise. The main reason for pollution of the water objects of the enterprise territory and the Dniester River is the non-performance of the project on maintenance of ecological balance, monitoring, reclamation of the territory of the land due to lack of financing for the implementation of projects. In this regard, sources of pollution (phosphogypsum, oil tars, lump sulfur, flotation tails, solid waste) constantly affect the environment and over the years the situation is still dangerous. On the example of Rozdil State Mining and Chemical Enterprise Sirka the main problems of the monitoring system of the territory of the mining and chemical enterprise at the stage of liquidation are demonstrated. The influence of the mining and chemical enterprise on the state of pollution of the environment: soil, water environment, and waste management status were also assessed. Also, according to the obtained data, in the man-made reservoirs of the enterprise (Lake Hlyboke, Lake Serednie, Lake Chyste, channels), which flow into the Dniester River, an excess of the MPC is seen in many hydrochemical parameters: pH, sulfates, phosphates, ammonium nitrogen, etc.