Abstract
The ecological situation in most mining regions n Ukraine is critical, and the closure of unprofitable mining enterprises, mines and cuts creates environmental problems associated with significant changes in the geological and hydrological environment. The purpose of the work is to assess the environmental hazard of the territory of the Rozdil State Mining and Chemical Enterprise Sirka. The research was carried out on the territory of Rozdil SMCE “Sirka”. Rozdil State Mining and Chemical Enterprise “Sirka” is in the West of Ukraine (Lviv region) of the Dniester River basin. According to the State Register of Potentially Hazardous Objects (PHO) of Ukraine, Rozdil State Mining and Chemical Enterprise Sirka belongs to the monitoring facilities of PHO. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) method was used experimentally to determine the qualitative and quantitative composition of heavy metals and other inorganic elements in samples, soil pollution with heavy metals. The main threats were identified which should be considered at the stage of liquidation of the mining and chemical enterprise. The main reason for pollution of the water objects of the enterprise territory and the Dniester River is the non-performance of the project on maintenance of ecological balance, monitoring, reclamation of the territory of the land due to lack of financing for the implementation of projects. In this regard, sources of pollution (phosphogypsum, oil tars, lump sulfur, flotation tails, solid waste) constantly affect the environment and over the years the situation is still dangerous. On the example of Rozdil State Mining and Chemical Enterprise Sirka the main problems of the monitoring system of the territory of the mining and chemical enterprise at the stage of liquidation are demonstrated. The influence of the mining and chemical enterprise on the state of pollution of the environment: soil, water environment, and waste management status were also assessed. Also, according to the obtained data, in the man-made reservoirs of the enterprise (Lake Hlyboke, Lake Serednie, Lake Chyste, channels), which flow into the Dniester River, an excess of the MPC is seen in many hydrochemical parameters: pH, sulfates, phosphates, ammonium nitrogen, etc.
Highlights
Ukraine belongs to the leading mineral-raw countries of the world with a wide range of minerals
The neglect during the closure of the mining and chemical enterprises with the requirements of technological and environmental safety leads to significant changes in the quality of underground and surface waters, soil contamination, flooding and waterlogging of the territories, pollution of rivers, sediments of the earth's surface, etc
The purpose of the work is to assess the environmental hazard of the territory of the Rozdil State Mining and Chemical Enterprise "Sirka"
Summary
Ukraine belongs to the leading mineral-raw countries of the world with a wide range of minerals. The main ecological problems of mining operations for Lviv enterprises are rather specific: the environment is not influenced by the activity of enterprises, but the consequences of their activities in the past, the main issue today is the elimination of these consequences. The main factors of negative influence are the extremely high concentrations of mining enterprises, the important level of production of most deposits, the insufficient amount of financing for work aimed at reducing the environmental impact caused by the exploitation of deposits. The closure of mining enterprises leads to unforeseen deterioration of the environmental situation, and the scale of this problem causes catastrophic consequences. The neglect during the closure of the mining and chemical enterprises with the requirements of technological and environmental safety leads to significant changes in the quality of underground and surface waters, soil contamination, flooding and waterlogging of the territories, pollution of rivers, sediments of the earth's surface, etc. The problems of waste management of mining enterprises are acute, an imbalance between spent and re-cultivated land in mining enterprises is maintained, and as a result, the risk of physical destruction and chemical pollution of industrial facilities, residential buildings, and communications in the surrounding areas
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