Nutritive and Anti-Nutritive Compounds of Oil Seeds Renewables and By-Products in the Livestock Industry

Abstract

Nigeria is one of the major oilseeds producers in Africa due to favorable climatic and edaphic factors. They strive well under rain-fed conditions; under low rainfall the crops experience moisture stress causing low yield. Oil seeds have recently attracted more interest due to their nutritional composition and the demand keeps rising due to the increase in population growth. Oil seed products such as soybeans, cottonseed, rapeseed, sunflower, and camelina meal or cake are sources of amino acids, and digestible rumen protein and minerals that influence animal growth and development. Due to the considerable amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids, it causes toxins accumulation and inflammation. The presence of antinutrients such as glucosinolates, trypsin inhibitors, gossypol, and lectins in these oilseeds inhibits their protein degradability, mineral bioavailability, flavor, and taste. Animals are affected by the toxicity of antinutrients leading to diseases and death. Glucosinolates, trypsin inhibitors, are known to reduce feed intake and cause iodine deficiency causing goiter and enlargement of the liver, kidney, and thyroid of animals which consequently affects the body. This paper summarizes the nutritive and anti-nutritive values of different oil seeds, the effect of different livestock animals, and the methods of reducing or eliminating the attributive compounds.