Abstract
Early Egyptian literature and the teachings of Hippocrates are quoted as prescribing a liver diet for hemeralopia, one of the symptoms of avitaminosis. By recent experiment,<sup>1</sup>this therapy has been proved scientifically correct. In 1857 Livingstone,<sup>2</sup>describing a disorder of the eyes in members of his African party, wrote that the eyes became affected, as in the case of experimental animals fed on pure gluten or starch; yet it was not until fifty-five years later that Hopkins<sup>3</sup>first gave definite proof of the existence of fat-soluble vitamin A. In the following year, 1913, Osborne and Mendel<sup>4</sup>experimentally produced characteristic xerophthalmia and proved that it could be cured, in rats, by the addition of butter fat or cod liver oil to the deficient diet. From this time until 1922, when McCollum and his associates<sup>5</sup>differentiated vitamins A and D, many of the abnormalities reported following clinical
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