Nutritional Status of Under-five Children in Northeast India: Effect of Household Socioeconomic Status

Abstract

Aim: The study is an attempt to understand the effect of household socioeconomic status on both acute and
 chronic undernutrition in northeastern states of India.
 Methods: The study used data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS). Distribution analysis and
 concentration index were used to examine the effect of household socioeconomic status on undernutrition.
 The study population consists of 31,908 children under five years of age.
 Results: The prevalence of stunting is decreasing significantly over time. While prevalence of wasting is
 seen to be increasing in states like Arunachal Pradesh, Assam and Sikkim. As the socioeconomic status
 of the household increases, the probability of both height-for-age and weight-for-height z-score less than
 -2 standard deviation decreases significantly. The variation in the distribution of z-score decreases as the
 household socioeconomic status increases. Similarly, the value of concentration index for all the eight
 states irrespective of rural-urban place of residence are negative. Except for Sikkim, the concentration of
 undernourished children is higher in a household with lower socioeconomic status in urban areas compare
 to their counterparts in rural areas.
 Conclusion: The study shows the disproportionate concentration of undernutrition among the household
 with poorer socioeconomic status in northeast India. And the burden is higher in urban poor. Thus, an effort
 to balancing the socioeconomic inequalities accompanying with improving the accessibility of services to
 the poor is necessary for improving nutritional status for children under five years of age in northeast India.