Abstract
Background: Diabetes is a serious chronic disease associated with a large number of complications and an increased risk of premature death. A dietary evaluation is of utmost importance for health promotion, disease prevention and individual treatment plans in patients with diabetes. Methods: An exhaustive search was carried out in various databases—Medline, Web of Science, Open Gray Cochrane Library and Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement Instruments (COSMIN)—for systematic review of the measurement properties of instruments that evaluate the dietary intake of people with diabetes mellitus type 1 and/or 2 according to COSMIN standards. Results: Seven instruments were identified. There was no instrument measuring nutritional status for which all the psychometric properties were evaluated. The methodological quality for each of the psychometric properties evaluated was ‘inadequate’ or ‘doubtful’ for all instruments. The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) evaluated the most psychometric characteristics and with a better score in terms of quality of the evidence. Conclusions: Several instruments have been developed for the evaluation of dietary intake in people with diabetes. Evaluation of this construct is very useful, both in clinical practice and in research, requiring new knowledge in this area. The FFQ is the best instrument available to assess dietary intake in people with diabetes.
Highlights
Diabetes is a serious chronic disease associated with a large number of complications and an increased risk of premature death [1]
A systematic review of the measurement properties of instruments that evaluate the dietary intake of people with DM1 and/or DM2 was carried out according to COSMIN methodology for systematic reviews of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs)
The food frequency questionnaire included in both systematic reviews [44,45] has been validated in people with DM1 or DM2 and their psychometric properties have been shown in the present study [31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40]
Summary
Diabetes is a serious chronic disease associated with a large number of complications and an increased risk of premature death [1]. Food selection and dietary pattern are influenced by the patient’s knowledge of a recommended diet [11]; dietary evaluation is of utmost importance for health promotion, disease prevention and individual treatment plans in patients with diabetes [10,12]. For this reason, there is a need for briefing tools that allow health professionals with a general knowledge of nutrition to assess the dietary intake of their patients and establish dietary goals based on the evaluation obtained [13,14]. A dietary evaluation is of utmost importance for health promotion, disease prevention and individual treatment plans in patients with diabetes
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