Nutritional Status in Adolescents with Esophageal Atresia

Abstract

To examine factors that may affect nutritional status in adolescents with esophageal atresia. Anthropometric measurements, blood samples, pH measuring, mapping of dysphagia with a modified Easting Assessment Test questionnaire, 4-day dietary record, and a semistructured interview about eating habits and nutrition counseling were performed in a cross-sectional cohort of adolescents with esophageal atresia. Out of 102 eligible patients, 68 (67%) participated. The median height-for-age Z score was -0.6 (-4.6 to 1.8). Ten (15%) were classified as stunted (height-for-age Z score <-2). Fourteen (21%) were overweight. More than two-thirds reported symptoms of dysphagia (Easting Assessment Test score ≥3) and avoided specific foods. Forty-eight (71%) completed the 4-day dietary record, which showed daily intake of energy below age-appropriate recommendations. One-third reported an energy intake below their estimated basal metabolic rate. Only 24% had received counselling from a dietitian. Adolescents with a history of esophageal atresia have growth below reference values and energy intake below recommendations. Energy intake and its relation to stunting needs to be further studied in patients with esophageal atresia.