Nutritional Status’ Impact on the Management of Vesical Calculi: A Systematic Review of a Twenty-Two-Year Database

Abstract

Introduction: Acidogenic diets cause a drop in urinary pH, and increasing features of metabolic syndrome are associated with increased calcium oxalate precipitation. Nowadays, it is well accepted that dietary variables promote the formation of vesical calculi, contributing to the prevalence of vesical stones. Aim: The aim of this study is to estimate the impact of nutritional status on the management of vesical calculi. Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane library, as well as additional sources such as Google Scholar and ClinicalTrials. gov, covering the period from 2001 to 2022. The most important electronic databases were checked, and all types of studies, including expressive studies, trials, commentaries, and editorials, were considered due to the nature of the studies. The risk of bias was assessed using the recommended methodology. A two-part tool was used to address five specific domains: selection bias, performance bias, attrition bias, selective reporting, and other biases. Quality diagnostic accuracy studies were evaluated using a quality assessment tool. Results: This study included 12 literature sources, of which five were nutrition-based studies and seven were focused on vesical calculi. Dietary modifications and medical treatments were found to be the most important factors in preventing recurrence. Conclusion: Dietary and medical treatments are of utmost importance in preventing recurrence. As per physician advice for vesical calculi, a proper dietary plan that includes a mineralrich diet is needed. Consumption of ample fluids is essential for the removal of stones.