Abstract
Malnutrition is a common status in patients with tuberculosis (TB). Because TB is disseminated through the sputum of infected persons, individuals who maintain relations with a TB patient are at high risk of infection; this risk is greater when contacts present an inadequate nutritional status. The aim of this work was to analyse and compare the nutritional status and macro and micronutrient intake of TB patients and their household contacts. A cross-sectional study was carried out in TB patients from Nuevo Leon, México, and their household contacts. Thirty-nine patients diagnosed with TB and 62 contacts were evaluated. Anthropometric evaluation was performed considering weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR); nutrient intake was evaluated by applying 24-hour dietary recalls. According to anthropometric assessment, the study population showed a greater trend towards being overweight and obese; 62% of TB patients and contacts had this type of malnutrition, while only 8% of individuals were undernourished. A greater tendency towards malnutrition was observed in the TB patient group. TB patients and their contacts presented as overweight and obese. Both groups showed similar patterns in macro and micronutrient intake. Implications of deficiencies in the intake of these nutrients are discussed on the basis of their effects on individual health.
Highlights
IntroductionBecause TB is disseminated through the sputum of infected persons, individuals who maintain relations with a TB patient are at high risk of infection; this risk is greater when contacts present an inadequate nutritional status
Malnutrition is a common status in patients with tuberculosis (TB)
Due to the mechanisms involved in disease transmission, people who are closely related to TB patients are at increased risk of infection; in addition, if the contact presents some type of malnutrition, the risk of infection increases because their immune system is weakened [1]
Summary
Because TB is disseminated through the sputum of infected persons, individuals who maintain relations with a TB patient are at high risk of infection; this risk is greater when contacts present an inadequate nutritional status. Results: According to anthropometric assessment, the study population showed a greater trend towards being overweight and obese; 62% of TB patients and contacts had this type of malnutrition, while only 8% of individuals were undernourished. Conclusions: TB patients and their contacts presented as overweight and obese Both groups showed similar patterns in macro and micronutrient intake. Due to the mechanisms involved in disease transmission, people who are closely related to TB patients are at increased risk of infection; in addition, if the contact presents some type of malnutrition, the risk of infection increases because their immune system is weakened [1]. Considering that the early diagnosis of inadequate nutritional status is necessary to prevent the contagion of the population that is in contact with TB patients [9,10], the objective of this research was to evaluate and compare the nutritional status and the macro and micronutrient intake of patients diagnosed with pulmonary TB and their contacts
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